A stress monitoring device of elasto-magneto-electric (EME) effect type, for monitoring stress of a structural component of ferromagnetic materials, includes a magnetic field generating unit, a magneto-electric (ME) sensing unit, a support skeleton, and a signal controlling and conditioning instrument. Under the control of the signal controlling and conditioning instrument, the magnetic field generating unit generates a magnetic field for magnetizing the structural component. The ME sensing unit outputs an electrical signal Vcharacterizing the magnetic field without a need of external power supply. This electrical signal Vis analyzed and processed by the signal controlling and conditioning instrument to output a magnetic characteristic value Vcorresponding to the changes of the external forces that are exerted on the component. This stress monitoring device realizes on-line, real-time, and nondestructive monitoring, as well as off-line nondestructive monitoring.