Six inorganic compounds, i.e., Na2CO3, NaOH, NaCl, Na2SiO3, TiO2 and HZSM-5, have been investigated with regard to their catalytic effects on pyrolysis of three biomass species, i.e., pine wood, cotton stalk and fir wood by thermal analysis experiments. The results show that Na2CO3, NaOH, Na2SiO3 and NaCl made devolatilization occur at lower temperature regions in the pyrolysis of the three kinds of biomass, whereas TiO2 and HZSM-5 made that occur at higher temperature regions in the pyrolysis of cotton stalk and had no obvious effects on pyrolysis temperatures of pine wood and fir wood. The basic catalysts NaOH, Na2CO3 and Na2SiO3 decreased the maximum weight loss rates while NaCl and HZSM-5 increased them and TiO2 had no obvious effects on them. The four sodium compounds made pyrolysis of the three kinds of biomass more exothermic, which might be due to more char formation, whereas TiO2 and HZSM-5 had minor effects on reaction heat. The catalytic effects in all aspects were roughly correlated with one another and their relationship with the basicity and acidity of the catalysts were preliminarily described and analyzed.