An experimental system was set up to generate the impact force, measure the response wave signal, and analyse the frequency spectrum for physical property detection of biological product. The egg dynamic resonance frequency was obtained through the analysis of the dynamically measured frequency response of an egg excited by pendulum. The effects of excitation point, detected point, impact intensity, excitation material, egg mass, egg density, shell stiffness and shell crack on the dominant frequency were analysed. The results showed that the dominant frequency was significantly affected by the shell crack, shell stiffness, egg mass and egg density, and not significantly affected by excitation point, detected point, excitation velocity and impacting material. The dominant frequency increased with increasing of shell stiffness or egg density, and decreased with increase of the egg mass. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the quadratic relationship between the dominant frequency and the three egg physical properties was 0.62-0.68.