The structure, piezoelectric properties and ferroelectric properties of (Na0.5Bi0.5)1-xBaxTiO3 ceramics were investigated. A gradual change in crystalline structure and microstructure with the increase of BaTiO3 (BT) concentration was observed. It was ascertained that the rhombohedral-tetragonal morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of the ceramics lies in the composition range of 0.04<x<0.08 at room temperature. The piezoelectric constant (d33) of the ceramics attains a maximum value of 155 pC/N at x=0.08. From the viewpoint of both piezoelectric constant and electromechanical coupling factor (kp), the composition of x=0.06 exhibits preferred piezoelectric properties. A dependence of piezoelectric properties on ferroelectric properties was detected for (Na0.5Bi0.5)1-xBaxTiO3 ceramics. It was found that both remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) contribute to the piezoelectric properties of the ceramics.