Decomposition of fine roots (<2 mm in diameter, viz. <0.5mm, 0.5-1.0mm, 1.0-2.0mm) was studied by means of litter bag in a mixed forest of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) and Tsoong's tree (Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun) in Sanming, Fujian, China. In a 540 d period of decay, fine roots in all litter bags decomposed in a three-phase manner: (a) for the Chinese fir, an initial, relatively low rate of decay up to 90 d followed by a period of rapid weight loss until 270 d, and then by a phase of slow decay rate; (b) for the Tsoong's tree, a rapid loss period between 0-60 d followed by a relatively rapid loss period between 60-360 d, and then a slow loss period between 360-540 d occurred. The mass loss after 1 yr of decomposition ranged from 58.5% to 63.3% for the Chinese fir and 68.8% to 78.2% for the Tsoong's tree. Fine roots with a larger diameter had a lower rate of mass loss. Consistent increase in lignin concentration and decrease in absolute amount of phosphorus (P) were found for fine roots of the two tree species during decomposition. The absolute amounts of nitrogen (N) increased a little initially in the fine roots of the Chinese fir during a short duration. In contrast, the fine roots of Tsoong's tree were releasing N from the outset. The chemical composition controlled decomposition rate and it was found a change of TNC (total nonstructural carbohydrates)-regulating in the initial decomposition phase to lignin- or N-regulating in the second phase, and P- or lignin-regulating in the last phase.