The present study was performed to investigate the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its antagonist CGRP8-37 on nociception in the nucleus accumbens of rats. Hindpaw withdrawal latencies (HWLs) to noxious stimulation induced by hot plate and Randall Selitto tests were measured. The HWL to both thermal and mechanical stimulation increased significantly after intra-nucleus accumbens administration of 0.5 or 1nmol of CGRP, but not 0.1nmol, indicating that CGRP plays an anti-nociceptive effect in the nucleus accumbens of rats. The anti-nociceptive effect induced by intra-nucleus accumbens administration of 1nmol of CGRP was blocked significantly by following intra-nucleus accumbens administration of 1nmol of CGRP8-37, a selective antagonist of CGRP1 receptor. Furthermore, the HWLs to both thermal and mechanical stimulation decreased significantly after intra-nucleus accumbens administration of 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5nmol of CGRP8-37 alone. The hyperalgesic effect of intra-nucleus accumbens administration of CGRP8-37 lasted for more than 60min after the injection, suggesting that CGRP1 receptor is involved in anti-nociception in the nucleus accumbens of rats. The results indicate that CGRP and CGRP1 receptor have important roles in nociceptive modulation in the nucleus accumbens of rats.