By considering the so-called algebraic orthogonality among experimental runs, this paper introduces a new criterion, minimum inner-product moment (MIPM), for general asymmetrical designs, and shows that MIPM is equivalent to the minimum moment aberration (MMA) criterion for the natural weights. Furthermore, the relationship between the generalized minimum aberration (GMA) and some model-dependent efficiency criteria is investigated by using the complex contrasts. Thus, two new justifications of GMA criterion is given from the points of view of orthogonality among experimental runs and design efficiency. They are generalizations of the related results of Butler (2003) and Cheng, Deng, and Tang (2002) for twolevel factorial designs.