The chelate molecule, ethylenediamine, was incorporated onto the surface of ramie fiber via sequential reactions of the hydroxyl groups on ramie fiber with epichlorohydrin followed by the chelating agent. The performance of the modified material (CelNH) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FI-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrographs (SEM), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), UV–Vis, and elemental analysis. Results show that the excellent characteristics of the raw fiber were still remained after modification although the crystallinity of the modified fiber decreased. The modification parameters were optimized as the concentration of ethylenediamine of 0.75 mol/l, the temperature of 50 C, and the reaction time of 5 h. Meanwhile, the dye of C.I. reactive red 2 was used to study the dyeability of the raw and the modified fibers. The color strength and the dye uptake of the modified fiber increased obviously with an increase in the nitrogen contents in CelNH. The color strength and the dye uptake of the modified fiber can be controlled by changing the extent of surface modification of raw ramie fiber.

The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) having different outer diameters but similar inner diameters were loaded with 3.0 wt.% Pt via the reduction of H2PtCl6 by formaldehyde in the solution of ethanol and water. For both the MWCNT supports and catalysts, the BET surface areas and pore size distributions determined by N2 adsorption and desorption were varied significantly although type II adsorption isotherms with closed hysteresis loops were observed. The 3.0 wt.% Pt/MWCNT catalysts were investigated for the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CALD) in a batch reactor under the conditions of 80 8C and 2.0 MPa of hydrogen. All the catalysts showed reasonably high catalytic activity but significantly different product selectivities. The highly selective hydrogenation of C C bonds into hydrocinnamaldehyde (88% selectivity at 100% conversion) occurred over Pt-supported MWCNT4 with the biggest outer diameters (>50 nm). In the case of the other three catalysts, however, C O bonds were selectively hydrogenated showing about 60–80% selectivities to cinnamyl alcohol (CA) depending on the catalysts and CALD conversions. Irrespective of the catalysts, the results of X-ray diffraction and highresolution transmission electron microscopy indicated that the metallic Pt particles with an average size of about 11 nm were overwhelmingly deposited on the outer surface of the MWCNTs. The binding energies of Pt and the surface atomic ratios of oxygen to carbon determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were slightly varied for different catalysts. Based on these characterization results together with the hydrogenation results of CA, the different selective behaviors of the Pt/MWCNTs catalysts were discussed. Besides other factors, the electronic effects induced by the significantly varied tube diameters of the MWCNTs played the major role in determining the selective behaviors of different catalysts.

The effects of pretreatment conditions, including the addition of a phase-transfer catalyst, on the benzylation of ramie fiber were investigated in this study. Raw and benzylated ramie fibers were dyed in supercritical carbon dioxide, and the color strength (K/S) of the ramie fiber was measured by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. An obviously improved dyeing capability of the benzylated ramie fiber, that is, a better level-dyeing property and a higher K/S, was achieved. Moreover, the color strength of the ramie fiber, indexed as the value of K/S, increased significantly with the degree of substitution of the benzylated ramie fiber. The raw and modified ramie fibers were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry.

综述了苎麻纤维的改性原理以及苎麻纤维碱法、液氨、烷基化、磺化、氰乙基化、离子液体、阳离子、纳米粒子等改性工艺的最新进展，探讨了超临界流体苎麻纤维的改性。

A series of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) analogue surfactants [sodium dibutyl sulfosuccinate (DBSS), sodium dipentyl sulfosuccinate (DPSS), sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (DHSS), and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS)] were synthesized and characterized with 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The solubilities of surfactants in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) and supercritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) fluids at a temperature range from (308 to 338) K and under pressures of (10 to 30) MPa were measured using a static method coupled with gravimetric analysis. The solubilities of these surfactants are much higher in HFC-134a fluid as compared with that in scCO2. The solubilities increased with increasing temperature and pressure for both scCO2 and HFC-134a fluids. The solubilities in scCO2 increased with increasing carbon atom number of surfactant, whereas they decreased with increasing carbon atom number of surfactant in HFC-134a. The density of scCO2 was simulated with the Peng-Robinson (P-R) equation. The experimental data were used to validate the accuracy of the P-R equation.