Bulk V-Nb-O, Mo-Nb-O, Te-Nb-O, and V-Mo-Te-Nb-O mixed metal oxides were synthesized and characterized with Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and BET methods. The interaction of the V and Mo cations with the Nb2O5 lattice followed three stages: (1) cations were initially incorporated into the Nb2O5 lattice forming a solid solution or compound as well as on the Nb2O5 surface, (2) a two-dimensional surface cation overlayer was formed after saturation of the solid solution, and (3) microcrystalline metal oxide phases (e.g., V2O5 and MoO3) were formed after completion of the two-dimensional surface cation monolayer. The catalytic properties of these bulk mixed metal oxides were investigated for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane to propylene, and their activity follows the trend: V-Nb-O > Mo-Nb-O>>Nb2O5 > Te-Nb-O. The highest propane conversions and propylene yields were found when the two-dimensional surface metal oxide monolayers were formed, which suggests that the surface metal oxide species are the surface active sites in these bulk mixed metal oxide catalysts for propane ODH. Furthermore, the number of surface active sites present in the bulk mixed metal oxides was determined by comparative studies between the bulk mixed metal oxides and the corresponding model Nb2O5-supported metal oxides. These numbers can be used further for the calculation of the TOF (turn-over-frequency) values and quantitative comparison of the catalytic behavior of the different bulk mixed metal oxide catalysts for propane ODH. The catalytic results over the model Nb2O5-supported metal oxides demonstrate that the propane ODH reaction is structure insensitive because the TOF is independent of the number and the structure of surface active sites. The composition and calcination temperature of the bulk mixed metal oxide catalysts affects the surface density of the active sites, which controls their catalytic behavior for propane ODH.

Several systems of vanadium oxide and K-promoted vanadium oxide catalysts which supported on different carries with the variations of V contents and K contents were prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation method. Their catalytic performances for diesel soot catalytic oxidation were investigated with temperature-programmed oxidation reaction (TPO). Spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR and UV–vis DRS) were utilized to determine the structure of VOx species for vanadia supported on γ-Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, and ZrO2. Thermal analysis techniques, including thermogravimetrical (TG-DTA) analyses and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), were used to characterize the thermal behavior and redox properties of K promoting vanadium oxide catalysts, respectively. The results showed that the structure of supportedvanadia catalysts depends on the support materials and also on the V loading. At high V loading, VOx species exists predominantly as polyvanadate species and V2O5. The catalytic activities of the catalysts for soot oxidation are correlated to their redox property and the mobility of surface atoms. The catalytic activity for soot oxidation orders as Ti > Zr > Si > Al, and the sequence for selectivity to CO2 formation (Sco2) is Ti > Zr > Si ~Al for the catalysts over different supports. Adding potassium into supported vanadia catalysts can improve the catalytic activity of soot oxidation. And when n(K):n(V):n(Ti) = 4:4:100 the catalyst of K4V4/TiO2 gives the best activity for soot combustion, i.e., the lowest reaction temperature.

SBA-15 silica-supported potassium catalysts were first reported for the selective oxidation of ethane to aldehydes by using oxygen as oxidant. It was found that SBA-15-supported potassium catalysts exhibited very high yield of aldehydes, especially surprisingly high yield of acrolein in the selective oxidation of ethane. The SBA-15-supported catalyst with 2% loading of potassium showed the best performance for the partial oxidation of ethane to aldehydes. The yields highest of acrolein and total aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) were 2.5% and 5.2%, respectively, when the ethane conversion was 14.8% at the reaction temperature of 748 K.

Nickel-molybdenum mixed nitride catalysts were first reported for the ammoxidation of propane to acrylonitrile. It was found that the mixed nitrides exhibited high activity and selectivity to acrylonitrile. The mixed nitride catalyst with 1.0 of Ni/Mo atomic ratios showed the best catalytic properties for propane ammoxidation. The highest yield of acrylonitrile was 28.5% at the propane conversion of 68.4% at 773K

Co3O4, NiCo2O4 and LaCo2O4 catalysts were synthesized by the citric acid-ligated method. These catalysts containing Co-oxide active components can largely lower the temperature of sool combustion under tight contact conditions. Under the conditions of loose contact NiCo2O4 cannot promote soot combustion, but LaCo2O4 can effectively promote soot combustion because the nanometric perovskite-type catalyst LaCoO3 produced in the LaCo2O4 sample.