Using a technique applied previously to vibrationally excited molecular nitrogen (N*2) in the region of daytime and nighttime aurora, the emission intensity of the N2 second positive band system in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) has been analysed and the vibrational temperature of nitrogen molecules in the ICP is thus determined. The result shows that the vibrational temperature increases with the increase of the neutral gas pressure from 0.04Pa to 10Pa, then decreases with the further increase of the pressure from 10Pa to 100Pa. Also, this is explained by using the Boltzmann relation between the vibrational temperature and the concentration of the vibrationally excited N*2 (X1+g) molecules.

The linear and quasilinear theory of the collisionless trapped electron mode (also called the "ubiquitous" mode) is analyzed, in order to illustrate its possible role in the electron thermal energy transport observed in magnetically confined plasmas. This instability is driven by the combined effects of the plasma pressure gradient (which includes the contributions from the temperature gradients of ions and electrons) and of the local magnetic curvature drift of trapped electrons and of circulating and trapped ions. Depending on the value of its wavelength across the magnetic field, this mode can connect with a branch of the ion temperature gradient instability, provided the ion temperature gradient is sufficiently strong. Also, under certain conditions, it can be driven unstable solely by a combination of electron temperature gradient and Landau damping by trapped electrons. The relevant modes are found to be robust against variation of parameters such as the electron collisionality, and to be consistent candidates in order to explain the experimentally observed rate of electron thermal energy transport from the center of the plasma column.