对阿基米德螺旋线调制斩波器的曝光效率进行了理论分析和数值模拟,得到斩波器曝光效率对后续信号处理的影响. 曝光效率直接影响后续探测器单元的曝光时间及入射辐射信号,与探测器信号读出时刻共同影响探测器有效积累电荷的均匀性;同时应在斩波器中增加调制同步定位点,可使热像仪适宜不同曝光效率的斩波器. 在热成像系统设计以及电子处理系统设计时,必须综合考虑斩波器曝光效率的影响.

Image expansion plays a very important role in image analysis. Common methods of image expansion, such as the zero-order hold method, may generate a visual mosaic to the expanded image, linear and cubic spline interpolation may blur the image data at peripheral regions. Since infrared images have the characteristics of low contrast and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the expanded images derived from common methods are not satisfactory. As shown in the analysis of the course from images with low resolution to those with high resolution, the expansion of image is found to be an ill-posed inverse problem. An image interpolation algorithm based on MAP estimation under Bayesian framework is proposed in this paper, which can effectively preserve the discontinuities in the original image. Experimental results demonstrate that the expanded images by this method are visually and quantitatively (analyzed by using the criteria of mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE)) superior to the images expanded by common methods of linear interpolation. Even in expansion of infrared images, this method can also give good results. An analysis about choosing regularization parameter α in this algorithm is given.

color night vision; image fusion; opponent vision property; low-level light visible; infrared

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction (NUC) algorithms using a neural network (NNT) approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retina-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA) nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper , the local median filtering result of Xij (n) is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij (n) , denoted as Tij (n) , which is the local spatial average of Xij (n) in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach , especially for the short-time image sequences (several hundred frames) subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.

根据人眼视觉实验,对光电成像系统的性能评价方法进行了理论研究,证明了光电成像系统与人眼之间存在最佳匹配状态,分析了视场角、成像系统性能以及系统角放大率对匹配的影响,定量描述电视型成像系统的最佳观察距离和直视型最佳目镜焦距的客观现象,所得结果与实际基本一致。