Changes in survival, mean dry weight, levels of key energy reserve compounds and respiration of non-feeding infective juveniles (IJs) of Steinernema carpocapsae incubated in various ratios of D2O:H2O on a shaker at 28

构建了昆虫病原线虫共生菌Xenorhabdus nematophilus BP品系的粘粒文库并用生物测定的方法从中筛选到2个对棉铃虫初孵幼虫有口服抑杀作用的克隆cos83和cos76。为初步确定这两个克隆的毒素基因与已报道基因的差异程度，根据已发表的共生菌毒素基因序列资料设计了7对引物对这两个克隆进行PCR扩增并对扩增产物进行测序和分析。从毒力较强的cos83中7对引物均扩增出与目标片段大小一致的产物而从cos76中只有5对扩增到目标片段。测序结果显示cos76的5个PCR扩增产物与cos83的对应扩增产物DAN序列同源性为100%。以cos83的7个PCR扩增产物所编码氨基酸序列进行BLAST分析，它们与X. nematophilus PMF1296和Photorhabdus luminencenc W14毒素相应区间的平均同源性分别为94%和58%说明cos83毒素是共生菌口服毒素家族的一员但与同类的其它毒素有一定的差异，值得对其杀虫谱，作用机理等进行进一步的研究。

Energy metabolism and its relation to survival of the infective juveniles (IJ) of S. carpocapsae under anaerobic and oxygen-deficient conditions were studied by monitoring changes in survival rate, levels of key energy reserve materials, oxygen consumption, and respiratory quotient (RQ). The effects of various factors on the survival of IJ under anaerobic conditions were also investigated. Under anaerobic conditions, the IJ were inactivated but could survive for several days in an immobile state, using the carbohydrate reserves glycogen and trehalose for energy supply. The survival time of IJ was mainly dependent on the availability of energy supply, which, in turn, was influenced by factors such as temperature and metabolic by-products. Surviving, anaerobically incubated IJ fully recovered upon return to aerobic conditions. Recovering IJ were characterized by regaining mobility and restoration of carbohydrate reserves consumed during the anaerobic period. Carbohydrate reserves were restored by conversion from lipid reserves and possibly from anaerobic metabolic by-products. The infectivity of IJ recovered from the anaerobic state was not affected. At 1% oxygen level, IJ were also immobile and mainly depended on carbohydrate reserves for energy supply and the RQ was greater than 1. However, some oxygen was consumed; the survival time of these IJ was shorter than those kept in natural air but longer than those under anaerobic conditions. When IJ were incubated at oxygen levels of 3% to 21%, the RQs were maintained at 0.7 to 0.8. Oxygen consumption rates and the reduction in both mean dry weight and lipid levels were proportional to oxygen levels while the survival time of IJ was inversely proportional to oxygen levels.

昆虫病原线虫共生菌xenorhabdus nematophilus BP的多个杀虫毒素基因集中在一起形成一个约40kb的基因簇。为研究这个基因簇中各基因与杀虫活性的关系对该共生菌粘粒文库中5个粘粒克隆XnBP76、XnBP83、XnBP203和XnBPD378和XnBP414及XnBP83的3个亚克隆插入DNA片段的基因结构和它们对棉铃虫的杀虫活性进行了比较，结果显示xptB1，xptC1和xpt3个基因或后两者的联合表达产物具有最强的杀虫效果，缺失其中的任何1个或2个会使杀虫活力大幅度地下降或完全消失，而xptd1的缺失对毒素基因簇的表达产物的杀虫活力影响很小；杀虫毒素的物理混合没有明显的增效作用。