The technology of drying by hot-air on fruit and vegetable is widely used in practice because of its convenience. However, it has some defects such as a low efficiency and the inferior quality of the dried products, which are the obstacles to its further application. This study focuses on improving the current technology and a new technology is introduced, that is, to dry bio-products by hot-air after they are pretreated by gamma irradiation. Experiments are made to study the influence of different irradiation dosages, air temperatures, slice thicknesses of apple on the dehydration rate and temperature of samples. A conclusion is reached that the three factors affect the dehydration rate and temperature of slice apple, and, the higher the dosage, the greater the rate of dehydration of apple, and the higher the temperature.

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers, 99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of, 1event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead.

In this study, we describe a property of Gramineae genes, and perhaps all monocot genes, that is not observed in eudicot genes. Along the direction of transcription, beginning at the junction of the 5-UTR and the coding region, there are gradients in GC content, codon usage, and amino-acid usage. The magnitudes of these gradients are large enough to hinder the annotation of the rice genome and to confound the detection of protein homologies across the monocot-eudicot divide.