This study investigated the therapeutic e¡ect of neural stem cells transplantedvia the carotid artery atdi¡erent times after intracerebral hemorrhage. A great number of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridinepositive cells were observed surviving and distributed evenly in the perihematoma areas. Phenotypes of grafted cells depended upon time of transplantation, and the later the cells were transplanted, the larger the percentage of cells that di¡erentiated into neurons. Animals treated at 7 and14 days after injury exhibited the most signi¢cant improvements in behavioral tests. Therefore, intracarotid injection allows e⁄cient delivery of cells to the injured hemisphere, especially during the period 7^14 days after injury, and may potentially be applicable in humans. NeuroReport 18:1019-1023 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Summary We analysed 10 cases of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) associated with aneurysms and reviewed the literature in order to confirm the clinical characteristics of AVMs associated with aneurysms. The mean incidence of aneurysms in our AVM population was 9.1% and the average age was 38 years. The ratio of male to female was 1.3 to 1. The aneurysms (40-96%) were often located on a feeding artery and seldom (23%) at an arterial bifurcation. The mortality rate was 0-26% in surgically managed patients and 38-60% in conservatively treated patients. The combination of intracranial vascular lesions is not rare. Most patients presented with symptoms referable to their AVMs. Treating both lesions in a single operation is the best option. The prognoses for most patients was good.

In order to develop a practical classification of spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), a correlation was made between clinical and computed tomographic (CT) factors in 324 patients with IVH between September 1988 and December 1996. Spontaneous IVH was graded according to age, blood pressure, clinical conditions, conscious state on admission, primary site of bleeding, volume of intraparenchymal haematoma, degree of midline shift, degree of hydrocephalus and location of IVH, producing a score up to 20. A score of 0-5 was Grade Ⅰ, 6-10 Grade Ⅱ, 11-15 Grade Ⅲ, 16-20 Grade Ⅳ. The mortality of each Grade, respectively, was 1.6%, 22.5%, 76% and 100%. The authors propose that this grading system may be a practical schema in the evaluation of the prognosis for IVH.

Summary In order to study the computerized tomographic (CT) appearances and clinical characteristics of intracranial tumoural haemorrhage (ITH), we analyzed retrospectively fifty-eight patients with ITH and reviewed the literature. As a result, 91% patients had acute or subacute onset and 26% manifested haemorrhage as their first symptoms. CT scanning indicated that intratumoural bleeding occurred in 23 cases, bleeding into parenchyma 18 cases, subarachnoid space 6 cases, ventricle 3 cases and subdural space 8 cases. Thirty-eight patients had emergency operations and the others had selective operations. Both tumours and haematomas were removed all together in all patients. Fifty-five patients were cured or improved and three died during the perioperative stage in our series. Among the patients with ITH, there were 21 metastatic tumours, 19 gliomas, 10 meningiomas, 6 pituitary adenomas, 1 melanoma and 1 acoustic neurilemoma. The onset of most ITH resembled that of cerebrovascular diseases. The location of ITH and the CT appearances of ITH varied in different cerebral tumours. Radical removal of brain tumours with haemorrhage is an effective treatment for ITH, which can greatly decrease the perioperative mortality rate and improve the prognoses of patients.

目的探讨外伤性硬膜下积液演变为慢性硬膜下血肿的几率、机理和临床特点。方法回顾性分析%!例外伤性硬膜下积液演变为慢性硬膜下血肿患者的临床资料及有关文献。结果本组16.7%的外伤性硬膜下积液病例演变为慢性硬膜下血肿；积液演变为血肿的时间为伤后22～100D；经钻颅血肿引流均治愈。结论外伤性硬膜下积液是慢性硬膜下血肿的来源之一。发病年龄两极化，常发生在积液量少、保守治疗的慢性型病例中。致病方式常为减速性损伤及合并的颅 脑损伤很轻微是外伤性硬膜下积液演变为慢性硬膜下血肿患者的临床特点。