Background: Traumatic subdural hydroma (TSH) is a common complication of head injuries. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics and classification of TSH. Methods: One hundred and ninety-two patients with TSH were treated in Qilu hospital during a 13-year period (1989–2001). We reviewed each patient’s clinical records and radiological findings. Results: Based on clinical features and dynamic observation of CT scanning, TSHs were classified into four types: resolution, steadiness, development and evolution. The resolution type often occurred in the prime of life, and the patients had normal intracranial pressure and good prognoses after conservative treatment. The elderly made up the majority of the steadiness type. Their main clinical manifestations included headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abnormalmentality, etc. Generally, no positive nervous systemic sign related to TSH was observed. The prognoses of the steadiness type treated by conservative therapy were also satisfactory. The development type was common in babies and children and mainly manifested as progressively increasing intracranial pressure, mild hemiplegia, aphasia and abnormal mentality. The patients with development type often needed surgical treatment where there was an associated risk of dying from accompanying cerebral parenchymal damage or postoperative complications once in a while. The evolution type with chronic subdural haematoma occurred between 22 and 100 days after TSH and in the cases of small hydromas treated conservatively, with mild accompanying cerebral damage, characterised by the polarised age, and chronic increased intracranial pressure, there was always a good prognosis after surgery. Conclusions: The mechanism, clinical characteristics, treatment methods and prognoses varied with the different types of TSH.

研究选取择性射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛的手术技巧、经难及神经导生三叉神经痛射频热凝中的应用价值。方法对3269例三叉神经痛的患者实行了选择性射频热凝治疗，其中36例用用了神经导航卵圆孔精精定们选择射频热凝治疗。并对1722例进行了2年以上的随访。结果优秀2590例，良好548例，无变化131例；1、2年复发率分别是10.5%和25.5%36例神经导航卵圆孔定位的患者疗效达到优秀。本组总有效率96%，无严重手术并发症及死亡。结论选取择性射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛安全、有效，神经导航定位射频热凝可提高三叉神经痛的手术疗效，降低手术危险性。

Summary In order to study the clinical characteristics of chronic expanding intracerebral hematoma (CEICH), we analyzed retrospectively 21 patients with CEICH and reviewed the literature with regard to clinical manifestations, medical imaging features, surgical findings, pathological examinations, diagnoses, treatments and prognoses, etc. All patients recovered well and did not recur 1-2 months after operation, except one, who died of contralateral intracerebral hemorrhage three months later. Patients were followed-up by computerized tomographic (CT) scanning. MRI was useful for the preoperative diagnosis.

Summary In order to study the computerized tomographic (CT) appearances and clinical characteristics of intracranial tumoural haemorrhage (ITH), we analyzed retrospectively fifty-eight patients with ITH and reviewed the literature. As a result, 91% patients had acute or subacute onset and 26% manifested haemorrhage as their first symptoms. CT scanning indicated that intratumoural bleeding occurred in 23 cases, bleeding into parenchyma 18 cases, subarachnoid space 6 cases, ventricle 3 cases and subdural space 8 cases. Thirty-eight patients had emergency operations and the others had selective operations. Both tumours and haematomas were removed all together in all patients. Fifty-five patients were cured or improved and three died during the perioperative stage in our series. Among the patients with ITH, there were 21 metastatic tumours, 19 gliomas, 10 meningiomas, 6 pituitary adenomas, 1 melanoma and 1 acoustic neurilemoma. The onset of most ITH resembled that of cerebrovascular diseases. The location of ITH and the CT appearances of ITH varied in different cerebral tumours. Radical removal of brain tumours with haemorrhage is an effective treatment for ITH, which can greatly decrease the perioperative mortality rate and improve the prognoses of patients.

We have examined the clinical characteristics and treatment of ectopic meningiomas (EMs). Samples from 17 patients with EMs were analyzed, and their clinical characteristics, mechanism, and treatment were studied in combination with the literature. The main clinical manifestations of EMs included increased intracranial pressure, epilepsy, local mass, and local occupying effects, but diagnosis of EMs depended on the pathology. Surgical removal can achieve the double objectives of confirmed diagnosis and treatment of tumors. The clinical characteristics of EMs vary with the sites of tumors.Operation is the treatment of first choice. Prognosis is better than that of typical meningiomas.