Background: Traumatic subdural hydroma (TSH) is a common complication of head injuries. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics and classification of TSH. Methods: One hundred and ninety-two patients with TSH were treated in Qilu hospital during a 13-year period (1989–2001). We reviewed each patient’s clinical records and radiological findings. Results: Based on clinical features and dynamic observation of CT scanning, TSHs were classified into four types: resolution, steadiness, development and evolution. The resolution type often occurred in the prime of life, and the patients had normal intracranial pressure and good prognoses after conservative treatment. The elderly made up the majority of the steadiness type. Their main clinical manifestations included headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abnormalmentality, etc. Generally, no positive nervous systemic sign related to TSH was observed. The prognoses of the steadiness type treated by conservative therapy were also satisfactory. The development type was common in babies and children and mainly manifested as progressively increasing intracranial pressure, mild hemiplegia, aphasia and abnormal mentality. The patients with development type often needed surgical treatment where there was an associated risk of dying from accompanying cerebral parenchymal damage or postoperative complications once in a while. The evolution type with chronic subdural haematoma occurred between 22 and 100 days after TSH and in the cases of small hydromas treated conservatively, with mild accompanying cerebral damage, characterised by the polarised age, and chronic increased intracranial pressure, there was always a good prognosis after surgery. Conclusions: The mechanism, clinical characteristics, treatment methods and prognoses varied with the different types of TSH.

Summary Ten cases of chronic epidural haematoma diagnosed between March 1988 and December 1996 are reported. There were eight males and two females ranging in age from 12-48 years. The interval between head injury and the time of diagnosis ranged from 13 days to 3 months with a mean duration of 28 days. There was no mortality or morbidity in this series. The features of chronic epidural haematoma including patient characteristics, time to diagnosis, incidents, pathophysiology, computerized tomographic (CT) scan findings, operative findings, treatment and prognosis are discussed and reviewed in conjunction with the literature.

本文综合山东省11家医院经手术及病理证实的第三脑室胶样囊肿14例。占同期颅内肿瘤的0.14%。8例行脑室造影，6例CT扫描。经额入路手术切除13例，定向活检囊液抽吸排空1例，其中脑脊液分流术3例。治愈6例，好转7例，死亡1例。着重对其诊断与治疗进行了讨论。

Summary To probe the feasibility and utility of neuroendoscopic inspection of the anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and of neuroendoscopic assisted microneurosurgery (NEAMN) for CPA lesions via a retrosigmoid approach, we used retrosigmoid NEAMN in 28 patients with CPA lesions. Prior to this, we undertook anatomical observation of bilateral CPA in two adult cadaver heads using the neuroendoscope. NEAMN tumour resection was performed in eight acoustic neuromas, one meningioma and 14 cholesteatomas and NEAMN vascular decompression was performed in five patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Both the neurovascular structures of the CPA and the ventral surface of the pons, as well as the clivus, can be inspected using the neuroendoscope through a retrosigmoid approach with a 2-3 cm diameter bony opening. Complete excision of the tumour with preservation of the facial nerve was achieved in all eight acoustic neuromas. Likewise, total resection of the tumour was possible in the 14 cholesteatomas and one meningioma. Paroxysmal facial pain resolved after NEAMN vascular decompression in the five patients with trigeminal neuralgia. There were no postoperative complications or deaths in this series. The CPA can be divided into three levels-the cranial, medial, and caudal, and each level contains specific neurovascular structures as seen through the neuroendoscope. Knowledge of these divisions is useful to master the common NEAMN procedures of the CPA. NEAMN for CPA lesions via a retrosigmoid approach is a useful adjunct to standard microneurosurgical techniques effect and may decrease the operative risk.