Summary We analysed 10 cases of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) associated with aneurysms and reviewed the literature in order to confirm the clinical characteristics of AVMs associated with aneurysms. The mean incidence of aneurysms in our AVM population was 9.1% and the average age was 38 years. The ratio of male to female was 1.3 to 1. The aneurysms (40-96%) were often located on a feeding artery and seldom (23%) at an arterial bifurcation. The mortality rate was 0-26% in surgically managed patients and 38-60% in conservatively treated patients. The combination of intracranial vascular lesions is not rare. Most patients presented with symptoms referable to their AVMs. Treating both lesions in a single operation is the best option. The prognoses for most patients was good.

In order to develop a practical classification of spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), a correlation was made between clinical and computed tomographic (CT) factors in 324 patients with IVH between September 1988 and December 1996. Spontaneous IVH was graded according to age, blood pressure, clinical conditions, conscious state on admission, primary site of bleeding, volume of intraparenchymal haematoma, degree of midline shift, degree of hydrocephalus and location of IVH, producing a score up to 20. A score of 0-5 was Grade Ⅰ, 6-10 Grade Ⅱ, 11-15 Grade Ⅲ, 16-20 Grade Ⅳ. The mortality of each Grade, respectively, was 1.6%, 22.5%, 76% and 100%. The authors propose that this grading system may be a practical schema in the evaluation of the prognosis for IVH.