钻井过程中，钻柱的振动使钻头与井壁产生的碰撞是钻头和钻柱早期失效的主要原因。通过建立钻头与井壁的碰撞模型，将碰撞简化为两个圆柱筒之间的碰撞，利用冲量定理和实验方法获得的钻头与井壁碰撞时的恢复系数及钻头碰撞前的速度，可计算出钻头与岩石碰撞后的速度和碰撞时产生的碰撞力。摸清钻头与井壁之间的碰撞规律，为有效预防钻头与钻柱的早期失效，预测井眼轨迹，有效提高钻井效率提供了理论依据。

利用单齿压入与刮切岩石实验建立了钻头与岩石互作用力学模型，实现了对钻头在钻井过程中工作行为的仿真计算;建立了基于研究钻柱—钻头—岩石系统动态行为的动力学模型，可以对钻井过程中钻压、扭矩、转速等参数的动态变化过程进行计算机仿真研究。从仿真结果可以看出，钻头在钻井过程中由于牙齿在井底的交替吃入以及井底本身的凹凸不平造成钻头在井底的纵向振动，其钻压的振幅一般为平均钻压的30% 左右；同时，由于钻头在井底的刮切作用造成了钻头转速以及扭矩的变化，转速的变化相对来说较为平缓。该动力学模型能较好的描述钻柱—钻头—岩石系统的动态行为，对于新型钻头的设计以及钻井力学研究都有着较好的指导意义。

With exploration moving into deeper waters, deserts and plateaus, operators and contractors will continue to face complex technical and financial challenges. After various advantages of slim-hole drilling, especially great reduce of cost, are well known, slim-hole drilling has become an important technology and been applied extensively. However, existing three-cone bits and PDC bits can not satisfy the requirements of slim-hole drilling owing to limited structure and short life. So, Southwest Petroleum University (SWPU) has developed a new slim-hole bit, named disc one-cone bit, which combines one-cone bit with disc bit. This new bit will have expansive application prospect in deep drilling, ultradeep drilling and slim-hole drilling because of its less torsion, higher bottom-hole coverage coefficient and longer bearing life. During the development of new disc one-cone bit, it is very important to ascertain the arrangement and the structural size of disc tooth reasonably according to its rock-breaking mechanism. Ilowever, the factors to affect hit rock-breaking efficiency are more and restrict each other. If laboratory evneriment is named mil in rrcrareh n kind of new hit it will berlong period, much cost and only under very simplified conditions. Therefore, computer simulation has important technical and economic value during studying the new bit. This paper discusses rock-breaking mechanism and kinematics simulation researches of disc one-cone bit emphatically.

在牙轮钻头几何学、运动学和钻头与岩石互作用静力学模型的基础上，对钻进过程进行适当简化后，建立了牙轮钻头动力学模型，主要包括钻头纵向动力学模型、钻头横向动力学模型和钻头扭转振动模型。在建立钻头动力学模型的基础上，完成了牙轮钻头动力学仿真分析软件的设计，利用该软件实现了对牙轮钻头动力学仿真分析计算，并与静力学模型的仿真计算结果进行分析对比，得出了影响钻头、钻柱动力学性能的因素除与钻头结构、牙齿结构、岩石性质和钻井参数有关外，还与钻具结构和钻具的组合形式有较大关系等结论。