利用RS和GIS有关理论和技术，选择区域生态环境综合评价的指标体系，利用AHP和Delphi法确定其权重系数，构造了区域数字环境模型，对山东省生态环境质量进行了定量综合评价，并根据评价结果将山东省生态环境质量划分为五个级别，分析了存在的主要问题。

本文在阐述了区域农业土地资源可持续利用原理的基础上，构筑了区域农业土地资源可持续利用指标体系，利用专家系统构筑了区域农业土地资源持续利用理想模型，制定了指标计算标准，运用定性与定量的综合集成法，度量区域各指标的实现程度，根据模型计算的结果，分析了农业土地资源持续利用现状水平下的制约因素，提出了农业土地资源可持续利用的对策。

研究目的：如何判断城市土地利用结构的合理性，需要从新的视角并采用新的方法加以研究。研究方法：数据包络分析（DEA）方法。研究结果：（1）沿海城市的用地结构有效性不如内陆城市；（2）不同等级的城市用地结构不合理的用地类型不同；（3）高级别城市土地利用结构效率高于低级别城市和城镇；（4）县级市城区的道路广场用地失调明显。研究结论：判定城市土地利用结构是否合理，必须考虑其历史、社会经济水平，盲目类比国外是不可取的。DEA方法可以较好地定量刻画城镇土地利用结构效率。提出了中国的城镇用地结构的建议标准。

城市发展状况在很大程度上反映在建筑物的空间分布上，研究建筑分布特点可以为城市规划、土地利用规划等提供指导。在突破以往建筑密度建成区的空间范围局限性的基础上，在GIS 软件支持下，以2.0km×2.0km的样方为统计单元，利用样方中的建筑物基底面积/样方面积来统一计算整个北京市的建筑密度，通过分析建筑密度分布图来研究北京市建筑密度总体空间分布特征。通过绘制以天安门旗杆为中心的8个不同方向的剖面、卫星城之间的10个剖面以及将建筑密度与主要环线道路进行叠加进一步来详细分析建筑密度的空间变化特征。结果显示，北京市建筑密度等级类型空间分布图直观反映出了北京市建设已经从“单中心”模式发展转移为“多中心”发展模式，其主要发展区域主要集中平原地区，而西部、北部山区的建筑密度普遍较低。

Most of the cities all over the world have the problem of traffic jam, but Beijing is probably one of the typical cities. Researchers and government have applied the energies to finding a solution to solve this problem in Beijing, but the effect is not satisfying. Space syntax theory and its mode to solve problems can provide instructive reference for analyzing the urban traffic problem. Based on the current condition of urban traffic network in Beijing, this paper was in virtue of space syntax theory and GIS visualization technology, extended the space syntax theory, divided the traffic network according to roads' designation, and improved the axial map. We put forward the concept of accessibility, discussed the method that how to deal with loops, and proved the optimizing measures which are supposed to revive the current traffic pressure in Beijing based on the iterative optimizing experiments. It is concluded that increasing radialized roads can help to improve the traffic status obviously of Beijing traffic network, which is in the framework of loops. Moreover, we conducted different simulating experiments, such as adding 2 more, 4 more, 6 more, 8 more, and up to 14 more radicalized roads in different directions. We discovered that there is a critical of the added roads. Adding 6-8 more roads can lead to an optimal yield. In accordance with this finding, we selected the axial lines of roads on the spot according to current urban planning, and had validated the feasibility and rationality of the optimizing method. It is concluded that building some new radialized roads and rebuilding some main roads are available for improve the traffic condition and the input-output ratio is better. Consequently, the extended space syntax method can instruct road reconstructing and urban planning, and be generalized to other cities.