In e-commerce protocols, malicious participantsmisbehave on their benefits. There is some work in analysisthe application-protocols but little similar work about thefoundation-protocols. To fill the gap we use semi-regularentities to denote the entities different from penetrators thatparticipate in the protocol on behalf of themselves such ascustomers in e-commerce. A method in strand space model isalso presented. After descriptions of hash and Diffie-Hellmanexchange, semi-regular strand and semi-regular node areadded into the model, finally is an attack on the Internet KeyExchange (IKE) protocol as a case.

A molecular-dynamics study has been made of the influence of solute content on low-energy displacement cascade processes in copper containing up to 15 at. % Au in solid solution. This alloy system was chosen to illustrate the effects of heavy, oversized solute atoms in a fcc matrix. Cascades of up to 2ke Vin energy were considered. The presence of the solute was found to have a significant impact on all phases of cascade development, but not on the final defect number. The ballistic phase is increased in duration, and the number of temporarily displaced atoms is increased by the solute, and the thermal spike that follows is also increased in intensity and duration. As a consequence, the atomic mixing associated with these two phases was highest in the Cu–15% Au alloy that contained the most solute. However, as a result of self-healing in the thermal spike, the final number of Frenkel defects is independent of alloy composition. To test the influence of solute atomic mass, simulations were carried out on copper containing solute atoms with the same size as Au, but a lighter mass than copper. The alloys with this fictitious element did not show the ballistic-and thermal-spike effects exhibited by those containing "normal" gold. The results are discussed in terms of the likely roles of solutes in damage evolution in alloys under cascade-producing irradiation.

In this paper, the effects are examined of the upper and the lower sulface recombinationv elocities, SI,S z, the diffusion length of excess minority carriers, L, and the thickness of the sample, h. on the minority carrier concentration profile (MCCPa) nd on the intensity of cathodoluminescence (CL) from thin foils. A systematic theoretical investigation of these effects is essential lo the understanding of experimental resuits which have recently been obtained by high-resolution CL imaging studies. By solving the reduced one-dimensional steady-stale diffusion equation under the non-trivial and realistic boundary conditions that the recombination velocities SI and Sp on the upper and lower surfaces are allowed lo vary independently of each other, exact and anaiyiical expressions for the MCCP and CL intensity (cu) are oblained for the general case of sulface recombination (sR). A number of special SR cases are discussed. The important question of the thickness dependence of the CL is addressed. Conditions for linear, square or cubic dependence of cu on h are deduced together with expressions for a thickness which we call the cut-off thickness. The capability of using the present analytical resun for MCCP to treat the electronbeam- induced current problem here is pointed out in passing together wlh TEM or STEM charge collection imaging and contrast problems of dislocations or defects. Specific numerical calculations are used to display the theoretical resuits quanlilalively and reveal a variety of properties of the model controlled by different values of the parameters contained within it. The resuits obtained can be used to explain and examine the features of CL in thin-film materials when examined in TEM or STEM modes. in some given cases, experimental determinations of the parameters can be made:

The Active Queue Management (AQM) strategies are important in Internet congestion control, which bear the PmIlPlD Structure esscntially. But it is hard to configure thc controlling parameters to achieve good tradcoff among a series of,$erformancc objectives. In this paper, we derivc the approximate First Order Lag Plus Delay (FOLPD) model of TCP/AQM and present a guideline to design PIPID, AQM in. the network routers. Both positional and incremental PIIPTDd: implementations arc considered. Simulation results manifest the effectiveness of thc proposed tuning method.

Considered in this paper are the two-person zerosumlinear quadratic differential games. It is shown that thevalue of the game exists if and only if both the upper value andlower value exist. As an consequence, we prove that anothernecessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the valueof the game is the existence of an open loop-open loop saddlepoint. An example is also given where lower value exists butupper value does not exist.