测定了采自浙江省瑞安市的一头须鲸类标本的线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA，mtDNA）细胞色素b（cytochrome b, cyt b）基因369 bp和控制区（control region）933 bp的序列，通过与已发表的须鲸类同源序列比对，发现与西太平洋和日本水域的布氏鲸的cyt b基因和控制区分别有6.78%～7.05%和13.30%<14.40%的序列差异，而与来自所罗门群岛的的布氏鲸之间cyt b基因的序列完全相同，控制区的序列也仪相差一个碱基（0.28%）。提示与邻近的西太平洋和日本海的普通布氏鲸在遗传上有显著区别，而可能与所罗门群岛的布氏鲸为同一种，即小布氏鲸（Balaenoptera edeni）。同时表明，应用分子生物学手段来进行鲸肉及其制品的种类鉴定是可行和有效的。

The mitochondial cont rol regions from 13 st riped dolphins (S tenella coeruleualba), seven from the southern Taiwan St rait s (Dongshan waters) and the other six from the southern East China Sea (Pingtan waters), were amplified by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The complete nucleotide composition of this region, ranged from 914 to 917 base pairs (bp), were determined by an ABI 310 DNA automated sequencing system to address the sequence variability. 42 variable sites, including 36 transitions, three t ransversions, and three indels (insertion/ deletion) were found. Of the variable sites, 26 were parsimonious informative sites. Totally 11 haplotypes were identified. Of the haplotypes, six were found exclusively in Dongshan waters and the rest five only in Pingtan waters. No common haplotype was shared, and two fixed site differences were detected between haplotypes from two waters. The haplotype diversty and nucleotide diversity were high for both waters, which were 1.45% ±0.79% and 0.95 in Dongshan waters, and 1.06% ±0.51% and 0193 in Pingtan waters respectively. A phylogenetic t ree was reconst ructed by using neighbor-joining (NJ) method in MEGA (Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis) package. In the t ree, haplotypes from the Pingtan waters constituted a monophyletic clade, whereas haplotypes from the Dongshan waters did not. Analysis of molecular variance, which was conducted by computer software AMOVA, showed an significant population differentiation and genetic st ructure (Φst =0.35, P<0.01) between Dongshan waters and Pingtan waters. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of st riped dolphins were higher than those found in the sympat ric finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) populations, and also higher than those of other cetacean species reported previously in other waters, including some species having high level of genetic diversity, e. g. harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) etc. This suggested that the st riped dolphins had a relatively higher genetic diversity.

测定了30头中国水域瓶鼻海豚（Tursiops sp.） mtDNA控制区5’端424bp的序列，结合已发表的中国水域其它瓶鼻海豚的mtDNA控制区序列，共发现54个变异位点,定义了37种单元型。中国水域瓶鼻海豚的两个形态型之间没有共享单元型，且具有8个鉴别位点。基于最大似然法和邻接法的系统发生分析均把单元型聚类为分别代表两个形态型的支系。形态型之间的核苷酸歧异度为5158%，超过了其它海豚类种间的序列歧异水平，支持把这两个形态型划分为两个独立的种，即T.truncatus和T.aduncus的观点。虽然两种瓶鼻海豚的分布区在台湾海峡一带出现重叠，但相互之间缺乏基因流动，提示两者可能已出现了显著的生殖隔离。

简要介绍了mtDNA的PCR直接测序、微卫星microsatellite DNA分型、组织相容性复合体（major his-tocompadbility complex. MHC）分析等DNA分子标记技术在鲸类遗传变异、种群结构、进化历史、个体识别、亲缘鉴定及系统分类等保护遗传学领域的应用。

台湾海峡厦门-东山水域瓶鼻海豚（Tursiops aduncus）的种群密度约为0.0436±O.0286头/km2，该水域南部瓶鼻海豚的发现辛高于中部和北部；问卷谓查和随船出海调查表明围网作业发现和误捕小型鲸类的频率要高于拖网，同时拖网又高于刺网。调查期间从东山港记录到的误捕致死的20头小型鲸类中，6头（占30%）为瓶鼻海豚，分别由拖罔和围网捕获，需要开展对当地渔民的宣传教育和加强台湾海峡瓶鼻海豚等小型鲸类的种群生物学和保护生物学的研究。