对湖北省几种主要早地土壤用室内加氮培养和与植物物料混合于砂滤管田问培养进行试验研究，结果表明，湖北省耕地土壤固定态镀含量为31.9～185.3mg/kg，占土壤全氮5.8%～23.7%。外源铵浓度为含N400mg/L时，土壤对铵的固定率为33.0%～50.7%；土壤近似最大固定态铵古量与土壤原固定态铵含量大小顺序一致。植物物料分解过程中土壤固定态铵含量的变化比交换性铵含量的变化更大．在计算植物物料氮素矿化速率时应当把固定态铵含量的变化考虑进去。

在红壤丘岗区自然次生马尾松草灌植被基础上，组建4种林草生态系统，长期观测结果表明，各生态系统地表径流量逐年减少，而入渗量和渗漏量逐年增加，径流量呈现阔叶林和混交林<马尾松林<自然草被，渗漏量则相反。阔叶林和混交林与马尾松林和自然草被比较，前者径流量年内分布在雨季更加集中，这正是不同林草生态系统涵养水源能力不同的体现。干旱季节4种林草系统土壤剖面水分分布有差别，词叶林和混交林上下层土壤水吸力差别较小，而马尾松林和自然草被上下层土壤水吸力差别较大，前者土壤导水能力好而后者导水能力差是原因之一；阔叶林和混交林下层土壤水分含量比马尾松林和自然草被低。

在南方红壤区用田间测坑试验，研究了高、中、低3种土壤水分条件下的早、晚稻蒸腾速率和水分利用效率的变化蒸腾日变化结果表明。蒸腾速率受许多田闻小气候因子的影响，相关分析及多元逐步回归分析表明，叶片与空气相对湿度差和叶面温度对水稻叶片蒸腾影响最大。处理B（中等土壤水分条件）可以明显提高叶片水分利用效率和产量，处理c提高了叶片水分利用效率。却导致晚稻减产。早稻中、低土壤水分条件可以减小叶片蒸腾速率，而晚稻上并不能明显减少叶片蒸腾。

在红壤丘陵区。对自然降雨条件下坡地（上层O～40cm，下层40～11Ocm）降雨壤中流产流过程进行了研究，结果表明：不同土地利用方式下，油茶林壤中流产流量大于同层恢复区；壤中流峰值流量恢复区大于同层油茶林；油茶林壤中流产流过程鞍恢复区开始早，结柬晚。随着土层加深，滞后时间延长。同一土地利用方式下。产流量、峰值流量、滞后和拖尾均为上层小于下层。壤中流对降雨及地表径流的响应均为上层快于下层。不同的降雨类型，壤中流产流机理不同。峰值型降雨壤中流产流过程滞后时问较小，壤中流产流类型多为驱赶流。

The daily soil water budgets in the red soil areas of central Jiangxi Province, southern China, were investigated with a large-scale weighing lysimeter and runoff plots. From 1998 to 2000, peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and rape (Brassica napus L.) were planted in the lysimeter and in 1999, peanuts were planted in the runoff plots. The soil water budget components including rainfall, runoff, percolation and evapotranspiration were measured directly or calculated by Richards' equation and water balance equation. The results showed that most rainfall, including rainstorms, occurred from March to July, and induced the greatest soil water percolation during the year. The evapotranspiration was still large from July to September when rainfall was minimal. Thus, the lack of synchronization in soil water inputs and losses was disadvantageous to crops growing in this region. Among the soil water losses, percolation was the largest, followed by evapotranspiration, and then soil runoff. Runoff was very small on farmland with crops. It was significantly different from the uncultivated uplands where large-scale runoff was usually reported. The soil water storage fluctuated sinusoidally, with a large amplitude in the rainy season and a small amplitude in the dry season.