以越光和武香粳9号为材料研究了不同穗肥施用时期施氮对水稻氨素利用及产量的影响。结果表明：倒1.5叶，倒2.5和0.5叶，倒3.5、2.5和1.5叶施肥提高了花后高效叶片叶绿素含量和含氨率。穗肥施用提高了水稻的产量，倒3.5、2.5和1.5叶，倒3.5和1.5叶，倒2.5叶施肥对增加两品种产量，提高穗肥利用率和生产力作用显著。施用穗肥增产的机制两品种表现不一致：越光主要表现在结实率的提高，武香粳9号主要表现为每穗总粒数的增加。生育期较短的越光穗肥利用率略低于生育期较长的武香粳9号。

水稻灌浆期的温度和光照条件是影响稻米品质的重要环境因素。本文从稻米碾磨品质、外观品质、蒸煮骨味品质和营养品质四个方面，综述了温光因子对稻米品质影响的最新研究进展，并以此为依据对优质稻米的生产提出了一些建议。

Proteins and carbohydrates in developing rice panicles were analyzed to see whether these parameters control spikelet number in rice. Two rice cultivars and 2 levels of nitrogen topdressing were used to obtain panicles with different numbers of spikelets. A japonica rice cultivar, Nipponbare, with topdressing (H) had 1.8 times more spikelets per panicle than that without topdressing (L). Moreover, the number of spikelets per panicle in an indica rice cultivar, Takanari, without topdressing was 2.7 times larger than that in Nipponbare-L. Panicles with more spikelets (LP) in Nipponbare-H and Takanari-L showed slower growth than those with few spikelets (SP) in Nippanbare-L in an early stage. LP, however, increased markedly in size thereafter, eventually exceeding SP, in length and fresh weight. Soluble protein content was higher in LP than SP in an early stage, but this difference was hardly detected in a late stage. No clear difference was observed in sugars or starch between LP and SP. Analysis of soluble and insoluble proteins by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that bands corresponding to insoluble proteins with a molecular weight about 42 kDa were present at higher intensities in LP than in SP. These results suggest that the spikelet number in rice is controlled by the soluble protein content in an early stage and insoluble proteins with a molecular weight of 42 kDa during panicle development, but not by the carbohydrates in developing panicles.

研究表明，旱育秧苗首先强化育根，前期根冠比大于水秧苗，后期单位株高干物重比水秧苗高，具有墩实壮秧特征。旱秧苗可溶性搪、淀粉、垒氪、蛋白氪、非蛋白氪含量均比水秧苗高，NRA是水秧苗的5.12～6.18倍；特别是在旱秧茁茎鞘中含较多营养物质，可溶性糖、淀粉、非蛋白氮、硝态氪含量分别比水秧苗高37.76%、18.82%、43.38%和30.1倍，这既利于抵抗逆境，又为栽后早发快发奠定了物质基础。旱秧苗ATPase活性比水秩苗高4.61%～94.34%；旱秧苗抗连保护酶SOD、CAT分别比水秧苗高6.25%～31.82%、1.32～1.50倍；逆境物质MDA台量比水秧苗低16.98%～23.97%，脯氮酸含量是水秧的2.29～4.08倍，旱秧苗对水分反应最敏，叶片易萎蔫，但离体叶片在临界萎蔫后，失水速率降低，低于水秧苗33.26%，吸水能力增强，暇水速率比水秧苗高13.09%。由此可见•旱秧苗在逐渐适应旱育环境的过程中，形成了抗旱生理机制，具有抗旱能力强的生理特性。这种抗旱生理特性既是旱育秧苗适应旱育环境的体现，也是旱育秧苗具有增产效应的生理基础。

采用去穗与疏花方式调节库大小，研究了对水稻不同叶位叶片氮代谢的影响。去穗或疏花后，已完成发育的源叶片，尤其是顶4叶，蛋白质合成重新旺盛，蛋白氮含量提高，出现了类似于生长库的氮代谢特征。水稻叶片的酸性转化酶活力可反映其蛋白质合成能力，据此可判断叶片是属于氮素供应源还是氮素接受库。研究证实下位叶的氮代谢对植株缺氮的反应比上位叶敏感，顶4叶酸性转化酶活力低是植株从土壤中吸收的氮素不能满足生长库氮需求的一种指示。