镜铁山矿区以开采铁矿著称，最近又发现铜矿床，并正在进行勘探。该铁铜矿床沉积于震旦纪裂陷海盆之中，该海盆同沉积期构造活动明显。铁矿层及其中上部产有大量纹层状、层状碧玉岩和重晶石岩，底板伴随硅化等同生退色蚀变，产有细（网）脉浸染状工业铜矿体。地质和地球化学特征揭示出铁铜矿床主期成矿为海底喷流沉积方式，后生改造仅对铜的局再富集有一定意义。

There are giant mineral deposits, including the Jinding Zn-Pb and Baiyangping Ag-Co-Cu, and other important mineral deposits (e.g., Baiyangchang Ag-Cu, Jinman Cu deposits, etc.) in the Lanping Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin, Yunnan Province, China. The tabular ore-bodies and some veins hosted in terrestrial clastic rocks of the Mesozoic- Cenozoic age and no outcropping of igneous rocks in the giant deposits lead to the proposal of syngenetic origin, but the giant mineral deposits are not stratabound (e.g. MVT, Sandstone- and Sedex-type). They formed in a continental red basin with intense crust movement. The mineralization is controlled by structures and lithology and occurs in different strata, and no sedimentary nature and no exhalative sediments are identified in the deposits. The deposits show some relations with organic matter (now asphalt and petroleum) and evaporates (gypsum). The middle-low-temperature (mainly 110℃ to 280℃) mineralization took place at a depth of about 0.9 km to 3.1 km during the early Himalayan (58 to 67 Ma). The salinity of ore-forming fluids is surprisingly low (1.6% to 18.0% wt NaCl equ.). Affected by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, the mantle is disturbed under the Lanping Basin. The large-scale mineralization is closely linked with the geodynamics of the crust movement, the mantle and mantle-flux upwelling and igneous activity. Giant mineral deposits and their geodynamic setting are unique in the Lanping Basin.

在流体包裹体显微冷热台系统观测基础上，通过显微激光拉曼探针揭示出兰坪中-新生代盆地内金顶及外围矿床成矿主阶段原生流体包裹体含烃富CO2，成分变化大。流体成分的耦合关系研究并配合O、C同位素分析认为成矿流体中部分CO2来自地幔，部分是沉积地层中碳酸盐岩和有机质分解成因，H2O和烃主要起源于大气成因盆地卤水和地层有机质。地幔源CO2对贱金属的搬运可能贡献突出，而烃类对金属的沉淀意义重大。成矿流体成分具有幔源（富CO2和金属）和壳源（盆地流体富烃类和H2O）两种流体混合的特征，暗示不同性质流体的混合可能是成矿作用基本方式。

南秦岭泥盆化沉积柱中产有多种类型海底水沉积岩。它们的∑REE偏低（平均63.09×10-6），REE配分曲线平缓右倾，La/Yb=2～8，Ce亏损，总体上与海水相似。产于Sedex含矿层中的热水沉积岩具有正Eu异常，与现代海底液及红海热液深积物可比；而产在Sedex含矿层以下地层中的热水沉积岩Eu亏损，与EPR热液沉积物相似。REE地球化学研究和岩厂学研究结果一致，支持热水沉积岩REE来源于海水及部分下伏沉积（包括基底），含矿热水沉积岩是盆地热演化到一定阶段具有一定深度和规模的循环对流体在海底的化学沉积，而Sedex含矿层以下地层中的热水沉积岩则是浅部热水对流循环的海底显示。成岩和变质作用对岩石的REE未造成影响。

Both the Jinding and Baiyangping ore deposits developed in the Lanping basin, which is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic terrestrial clastic sedimentary basin. Their occurrences can easily lead many people to compare them with the Pb-Zn deposit hosted in sedimentary rocks, such as Mississippian Valley-, Sedex- and sandstone-type Pb-Zn deposits. However, the Lanping basin developed in the settings of strong tectonic activity of the continental crust, which could cause an effective material exchange between the lower crust and the upper mantle. The orebodies are clearly tectonically controlled without syngenetic features, which probably represents a new type of the sedimentary rock-hosted Pb-Zn deposit. The isotopic compositions of noble gases in ore-forming fluids indicate that 2%-32% of helium (3He/4He=0.19 Ra-1.97 Ra) is derived from the mantle, 50.1% of neon (20Ne/22Ne=10.45-10.83; 21Ne/22Ne=0.03) from the mantle, and considerable amount of xenon (129Xe/130Xe=5.84-6.86; 134Xe/130Xe=2.26-2.71) from the mantle, which show that mantle fluids played an important role in the ore formation. The ore-forming age of 67-60 Ma obtained by Re-Os and 40Ar-39Ar dating methods is later than the host rock, which is coeval with the Himalayan alkali magmatism of the mantle source and mantle-crust source. In this paper, the mineralization of the Jinding and Baiyangping ore deposits is considered to be related to the mantle fluids which move upward with the magma or along the deep faults, and mix with the meteoritic brine in the crust to result in large-scale deposition.