The availability of muhiple sateilite missions with wind measuring capacity has made it more desirable than ever before to integrule wind data from various sources in order to achieve an improved accuracy, resolution. and duration. A clear understanding of the error charaeterlsties associated with each type of data is needed for a meaningful merging or combination. The two kinds of errors-namely, random error and systematic error-ate expected to evolve differently with increasing volume of available data In this study, a collocated ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)-NASA Seatterometer (NSCAT)-ECMWF dataset, which covers 66S-66N and spans the entire 10-month lifetime of NSCAT. is compiled to investigate the systematic discrepancies among the three kinds of wind estimates, yielding a number of interesting results, First, the satellite derived wind speeds are found to have a larger overall bias but a much smaller ovemli foot-mean-square (rms) error compared to ECMWF winds, implying thai they are highly converging but are systemalically biased. Second. the TOPEX and NSCAT wind speed biases are characterized by a significant "'phase opposition" with latitude, seasnn, and wind intensity, respectively. Third. the TOPEX (NSCAT) bias exhibits a low-high-low <high-low-high) pattern as a function of wind speed, whose turning poim at 14.2ms-1 coincides well with the transitional wind speed flora swell dominance to wind sea dominance in wave condition, suggesting that the degreee of wave development plays a key role in shaping wind speed bias.

This paper illustrates the methods of extracting instinct parameters and deformation recognition by using wavelet transform, which applied in low voltage impulse (LVI) method on the transformer inding deformation detection. The results shows that it is effective to eliminate the noises by using wavelet transform, meanwhile, it can also make measurement repetitive and has a property on model recognition on.

Traditionally, the tropical zone is known as the "heat reservoir" of the ocean and the "firebox" of the atmosphere. The western equatorial Pacific has been identified as both the warmest portion of the heat reservoir, named "warm pool" (WP), and the hottest portion of the firebox where a huge amount of precipitation-induced latent-heat release is accumulated. The latter mirrors a fact that the western tropical Pacific is also the wettest area on the globe, termed "rain pool" (RP), where the maximum annual precipitation is observed. The accumulation of continuous satellite data has reached a point that decade-long simultaneous observations of many important geophysical parameters have become available in recent years. One such example is the availability of a concurrent dataset of sea surface temperature, oceanic precipitation, and sea surface wind field for 1993-2002 derived from NOAA/AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer), TOPEX/TMR (TOPEX Microwave Radiometer), and ERS-1,2/QuikSCAT, respectively. In the present study, this dataset is used to demonstrate and investigate the coupling and covarying effects of the Pacific WP and RP, leading to a number of interesting findings on their structural similarity, locational shift, phase lag, and evolutional coherency in association with the development of and the vacillation between El Nino and La Nina events.

The documentation of the zonal pattern of global wind system can be traced back to centuries ago. The prevailing descriptions in most oceanography books, however, have been of little change during the past decades. The present work represents a new effort to update our knowledge on this issue using the newly available multi-year TOPEX altimeter data. As a result, the positions and intensities of major zonal features of the marine wind system are reexamined and more precisely defined. The seasonal, annual, and interannual variabilities of these features in terms of both amplitude and phase are analyzed in detail. Uncertainties associated with the estimated intensity and the peak/trough positions of the zonal wind belts are discussed. Meanwhile, a possible connection between the meridional shift of the Pacific doldrums and the occurrence of an El Nino event is observed.