通过用静态碱吸收法对中亚热带福建三明格氏栲自然保护区内的格氏栲天然林和33年生的格氏栲人工林及杉木人工林的土壤呼吸进行为期2年的定位研究，结果表明，三种森林土壤呼吸速率季节变化均呈单峰曲线，最大峰值出现在5月至6月，最小值出现在12月至1月。格氏栲天然林、格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林土壤呼吸速率1年中变化范围分别在403.47～1001.12mg CO2m-2h-1、193.89～697.86mg CO2m-2h-1和75.97～368.98mg CO2m-2h-1之间。2002 年土壤呼吸速率主要受土壤温度影响，但在极端干旱的2003 年则主要受土壤湿度的影响。双因素关系模型（R=aebTWc）拟合结果优于仅考虑土壤温度或土壤湿度的单因素关系模型，土壤温度和土壤湿度共同解释不同年份不同森林土壤呼吸速率季节变化的80%～96%。杉木林土壤呼吸对气候变化敏感性高于格氏栲天然林和人工林。格氏栲天然林、格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林土壤呼吸年通量分别为13.742、9.439 和4.543tC·hm-2·a-1，前者分别约是后二者的1.5倍和3.0倍。森林转换对土壤呼吸通量的影响可能与枯落物数量和质量、根系呼吸、土壤有机质数量和质量的变化有关。

The soil properties were investigated in the sites where different generations of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) were cultivated in order to show the impact of a repeated monoculture regime on site productivity. Compared with the stand of first generation (FG), the soil structure became destroyed in the stands of the second generation (SG) and the third generation (TG). For instance, the destroyed rate of ped was 55%-115% in the SG and the TG than that in the FG. The soil nutrient storage and its availability decreased in the SG and the TG. For the top soils (0-20cm), the content of organic matter, total N and P, and available N and P decreased by 3%-20% than those in the FG. For many soil parameters, the difference was statistically significant between three stands. Furthermore, with an increase in planting generation of Chinese fir, total quantity of soil microbes appeared to evidently decline, the soil enzyme activity weakened, and the soil biological activityreduced. In order to maintain sustainable site productivity, the new silvicultural measurements need to be developed in Chinese fir plantation management.

For the last several decades, native broad-leafed forests in many areas of south China have been converted into plantations of more productive forest species for timber use. This paper presents a case study examining how this forest conversion affects ecosystem carbon storage by comparing 33 year-old plantations of two coniferous trees, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) and Fokienia hodginsii (FH) and two broadleaved trees, Ormosia xylocarpa (OX) and Castanopsis kawakamii (CK), with an adjacent relict natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF150 year old) in Sanming, Fujian, China. Overall estimates of total ecosystem carbon pools ranged from a maximum of 399.1 Mg ha-1 in the NF to a minimum of 210.6Mg ha-1 in the FH. The combined tree carbon pool was at a maximum in the NF where it contributed 64% of the total ecosystem pool, while the OX had the lowest contribution by trees at only 49%. Differences were also observed for the carbon pools of undergrowth, forest floor and standing dead wood, but that these pools together represent at the most 5% of the ecosystem C stock. Total C storage in the surface 100cm soils ranged from 123.9Mg ha-1 in the NF to 102.3Mg ha-1 in the FH. Significant differences (P<0.01) in SOC concentrations and storage between native forest and the plantations were limited to the surface soils (0-10cm and 10-20cm), while no significant difference was found among the plantations at any soil depth (P>0.05). Annual aboveground litterfall C ranged from 4.51Mg ha-1 in the CK to 2.15Mg ha-1 in the CF, and annual belowground litterfall (root mortality) C ranged from 4.35 Mg ha-1 in the NF to 1.25Mg ha-1 in the CF. When the NF was converted into tree plantations, the vegetation C pool (tree plus undergrowth) was reduced by 27-59%, and the detritus C pool (forest floor, standing dead wood, and soils) reduced by 20-25%, respectively. These differences between the NF and the plantations may be attributed to a combination of factors including more diverse species communities, more C store types, higher quantity and better quality of above-and belowground litter materials under the NF than under the plantations and site disturbance during the establishment of plantations.

A Chinese fir forest (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CL) and a secondary evergreen broadleaved forest (BF) located in Fujian Province, south-eastern China, were examined before clear-cutting to compare their ecosystem carbon and nitrogen pools (above-and below-ground tree, understorey vegetation and forest floor biomass + 0-100cm mineral soil layer). The ecosystem pools of C and N in the CL before clear-cutting were 257 Mg ha−1 and 8605 kg ha−1, respectively. The corresponding values for the BF were 336 Mg ha−1 of C and 10,248 kg ha−1 of N. For the two forests, most of the C was in the trees, whereas most of the N pool was in the soil. C and N pools in understorey vegetation and forest floor were small in the two forests (about 2% of ecosystem pools). During clear-cutting, 117 Mg ha−1 C and 307 kg ha−1 N in stem wood with bark and coarse branches (>2 cm) were removed from the CL compared to 159 Mg ha−1 C and 741 kg ha−1 N from the BF. Two days after slash burning, C removal from logging residues (including forest floor material) was estimated at 10 Mg ha−1 for CL and 23 Mg ha−1 for BF, and N removal was 233 and 490 kg ha−1 in the CL and BF, respectively. Compared with the pre-burn levels in the CL, contents of topsoil organic C and total N 2 days after burning were reduced by 17 and 19%, respectively. In the BF, the corresponding proportions were 27% (C) and 25% (N). Our results indicate that clear-cutting and slash burning had caused marked short-term changes in ecosystem C and N in the two forests. How long these changes will persist needs further study.

Fine root (<2mm in diameter) distribution, seasonal pattern and net production were studied during 1999-2001 in 33 year-old plantations of two coniferous trees, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) and Fokienia hodginsii (FH) and two broadleaved trees, Ormosia xylocarpa (OX) and Castanopsis kawakamii (CK), and compared with that of an adjacent natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF, ～150 year old) in Sanming, Fujian, China. Fine root biomass and necromass were determined by soil coring at a bimonthly interval. Soil cores were divided into 10 depths: 0～10, 10～20, 20～30, 30～40, 40～50, 50～60, 60～70, 70～80, 80～90, and 90～100cm. Litter bags (18×18cm2 size, 0.25mm mesh) were used in determination the decay rates of fine roots (<0.5mm, 0.5-1mm, and 1-2mm). Mean annual fine-root production, mortality, decomposition and turnover rate were calculated by the compartment-flow method. Mean fine-root biomass ranged from 1.49 Mg ha-1 in the CF to 4.94 Mg ha-1 in the NF, and decreased in the following order: NF>CK>FH>OX>CF. There were significant seasonal changes of biomass and necromass in all stands (P<0.05), while no significant yearly fluctuations were detected (P>0.05). In all stands, an early spring (March) peak of fine root biomass was found, and the minimum value occurred mainly in dry summer or cold winter. For the NF, 59.8% of fine root biomass was found in the top soil of 0-10 cm, a layer that maximum difference of depth distribution among all stands occurred, where fine root biomass of the NF was 2.37 times, 3.55 times, 8.12 times, and 7.12 times as much as those of the CK, FH, CF, and OX, respectively. Percentages of original mass lost during the first year of decomposition ranged from 43% to 56% for the FH to 68% to 80% for the NF. Mean annual root decomposition, mortality and production ranged from 8.47 Mg ha-1 a-1, 8.63 Mg ha-1 a-1 and 9.5 Mg ha-1 a-1 in the NF to 2.50, 2.49 and 2.51 Mg ha-1 a-1 in the CF, ranked as NF>CK>FH>OX>CF. The mean root turnover rate ranged from 1.48 a-1 in the FH to 1.78 a-1 in the NF.