In this paper, according to the basic rule of the equitable and reasonable utilization of water resources in international rivers, the normal approaches of resolving the conflicts over water and the basic models of water allocation are introduced. The tendency and the problems of water utilization among the riparian states in Lancang-Mekong River are discussed. The extent of cooperation and the conditions of the management institution of the river basin are analyzed. In the present situation, it is considered that the basin-wide allocation model of water resources is the best one in Lancang-Mekong River.

国际河流水资源由于其自然跨越一个或多个国家而成为流域内各国共享的自然资源，这意味着国际河流水资源的所有权也将为多国共同享有，即多国共同享有河流水资源的所有权（简称“水权”）。通过对国际河流水权特点的分析，为实现水资源的有效利用，对国际河流水权市场化和水权保护进行了初步探讨，认识到各国的国际河流水权具有：有限的水资源利用权，水资源的保护义务，在一定条件下进行水权交易的权利，提出：各国的国际河流水权应保持相对的稳定，流域国间应建立一定的水权协议和水权有效利用的监督机制等。