断层突水事故中，大多是原始地质条件下的非导水断层在采动影响下发生突水。借助数值模拟，并结合大量工程事例分析。对断裂变形活化与导水机制进了分析研究发现，断裂变形活化与导水具有明显的时空效应。对时空效应的充分认识可为科学的工程设计和施工组织以及有效的超前探测和工程监测提供依据。

工程地质勘察监理，不同于施工监理或设计监理，在我国尚处于探索阶段。由于地铁工程勘察的复杂性和高要求，为保证高效、优质完成勘察任务，开展监理工作十分必要。本文结合作者在南京地铁工程勘察监理工作的探索，探讨了监理的任务、依据、程序和主要内容，分析了地铁工程勘察监理的特点、宜遵循的原则以及监控的关键与要点。

地下工程常常面临突水灾害的威胁。除了采动破裂导致岩层阻水能力丧失外，剪应力集中区内结构面错动引起地下水的导升亦是突水发生的重要机制。围岩的层状特征和岩性差异，使得某些位置的软（硬）岩层成为控稳优势层。以突水系数等经验方法为参照，通过对优势层及其组合特征的分析，明确其有利或不利的控稳机制，可为突水防治提供更为科学、可靠的依据. 图5，表2，参13。

工程地质岩组的划分是岩体质量评价的基础。当大型工程揭露土层很多时，进行土体工程地质层组的划分亦是十分必要的。它可以更为清晰的反映场地地质结构的变化规律，便于地质模型的概化和参数研究，有助于抓住主要工程地质问题进行评价，便于设计师的理解和应用。以南京地铁南北线一期工程为例，探讨了土体工程地质岩组的划分问题。通过以层组为基础的参数离散性统计、工程地质模型与工程地质问题的分析可以看出该层组划分方案的合理性与工程意义。

Currently, there are six cities constructing their metro systems in China, among which, the Nanjing metro project is characterized by its complicated and unfavorable geological conditions, such as varied topography, rugged bedrocks, many faults passing through, rapid variation in lithology and geotechnical properties, soft ground, high groundwater table and multiple groundwater types. Therefore, the geological and geotechnical investigations play a vital role in the project. This paper describes and discusses the investigations taken in the project. From a seismological point of view, the project is in a relatively stable tectonic setting, the major regional active faults are a little far. Among many faults found in the city area, the NWW Dinghuaimen-Gulou fault and the NNW Nanjing-Hushu fault merit attention to their influences on the foundation stability. High groundwater table and multiple groundwater types feature the hydrogeological conditions. The paper describes the hydrogeological characteristics and parameters on the basis of groundwater type division. The inflow prevention of abundant pore water in ancient riverbed, fault water in Gulou and karst water in Xiaohongshan are diffcult. Along the metro axis, the local morphology can be divided into five sections: three sections of tectonic denudated lowrise hills and two sections of ancient channel alluvial plains. As many as 50 of Quaternary soil formations have been encountered. They are too many for architects to conceive and establish the engineering geological model. Therefore, generalization and division of engineering geological strata groups is necessary. The Quaternary deposits at the Metro site were divided according to their origin and relevant age into four engineering geological strata groups and subdivided on the basis of their composition, physical state and geotechnical properties into distinct subgroups. Data from this study indicate that the division is feasible and the subgroup II2 (CS) and III2 (CS), which are soft cohesive soils of Holocene and late Pleistocene respectively, represent the most sensitive and weak geotechnical unit, and the Holocene sandy soils subgroup II4 (SL) is of the most potential danger of liquefaction. None of the current rock mass classification systems has been found to originate from and be adequate for the shallow metro tunnel. The CGIMC, Vp and BQ systems have been combined in this study. The study indicates that the combination of multiple systems, qualitative and quantitative, is helpful to ensure the reliability of rock masses evaluation. To overcome the deficiency of the rock mass intactness index Kv and the BQ system in the national standard, their determination methods were modified. The paper describes in details the modified Kv and BQ procedure taking account of the characteristics of the rock masses at the metro site. The rock masses are categorized into very poor, poor and fair quality. The poor conditions of the rock masses are largely due to intensive weathering and dense fracturing. Along the metro axis, eight geotechinal zones were divided according to their identical characters of topographical, engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions and construction methods. The paper highlights the different geotechnical problems and challenges that will be encountered in different geotechnical zones.