对华南风化壳剖面中稀土元素分布的研究结果，稀土元素的总量在各剖面的垂向上多呈抛物线型分布。轻稀土与重稀土之间、Ce和Eu与其它稀土元素之间在剖面中出现明显的分异作用。重稀土自上往下迁移的能力较强，在剖面的中下部相对富集。轻稀土在风化壳中比重稀土更加富集或更加贫化。Ce异常（δCe）在垂向上的变化规律与稀土总量相反，在风化壳表层出现明显的正异常，而在全风化层中亏损。Eu异常（δEu）在风化壳中自下而上有逐渐增大的趋势。影响风化壳中稀土元素的活动性和分异作用的因素有原岩的稀土分布及风化壳的矿物组合、Ph值、氧化还原条件、雨水和地下水以及有机质和微生物等。

文章简述了表生地质环境中的微生物对Au、Ag等贵金属元素和Cu、Pb、Cd、As、Hg等重金属元素的浸出作用及其在探矿、浸取选矿、土壤污染评价和修复、城市污泥和废水处理等方面的应用研究进展。指出：深入研究地质体中的微生物与金属元素的相互作用和机理，将是地球科学的重要研究动态之一。

Microbes were cultured from the samples at various depths in a weathering profile of RE-bearing granite in Gonghe RE mine, Guangdong Province. The cultured microbes, existing at a depth of 0.2～12m and being more plentiful within 3m in the profile,include bacteria (Bacillus, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Alkaligenes, Neisseria, Staphylococcus and anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridium), fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus f lavus, Penicillium, Mucor and Saccharomycete) and actinomyces. Experiments were made under room temperature by using solutions of the cultured microbes and their metabolites, compared with distilled water and the culture solution without microbes, to leach RE from the sample of the weathering crust. The results are shown by the experiments: (1) The mixed microbes cultured from the profile and their metabolites increase the quantity of RE leached from the sample and reduce the pH of the solutions. (2) The ability to leach RE from the sample varies with various microbes, decreasing in a sequence of fungi (Mucor, saccharomycete, Aspegillus and Penicillium), zymotic bacilli (Enterobacter, Escherichia etc.), Staphylococcus, zymotic Bacillus, actinomyces and Alkaligenes. (3) The RE leached with bacteria is mainly related to the pH value of the solutions influenced by the metabolites of the bacteria; whereas that leached with fungi is mainly related to the adsorption and imbibition of RE by the fungi and the complexing of RE with their metabolites. (4) Compared with that leached with ammonium sulfate, the fractionation of the RE leached with microbes is characterized by higher δCe, lower δEu and lower ratios of NLa/Sm and N Gd/ Yb. The result of the fractionation of RE accords with the distribution of RE in the various layers of a profile of weathering crust of granite in South China. The experimental results indicate that microbes and their metabolites should play a positive role in the mobilization, migration and fractionation of RE in the weathering crust in South China.

在对9个B货翡翠样品进行常规宝石学特征描述的基础上，进行了红外光谱测试。结果表明B货翡翠最主要的吸收峰是2959（或2966），2931（或2924）和2895cm-1这一组，而1510，1581，1609cm-1和3040，3060cm-1这两组谱带可作为鉴定B货翡翠的辅助谱带，但不是必要的谱带。研究结果可为准确鉴定B货翡翠提供进一步的资料。

The results of REE leached by some organic acids with various concentrations and water/rock ratios for different durations from a mixed sample of the weathering crust of a granite in Gonghe, Guangdong, China, showed that: 1) the contents of REE leached increase with increasing concentrations of the organic acids; 2) the contents of REE leached by 0.01mol/L organic acids increase with increasing water/rock ratio; 3) the interaction between the organic acids and the samples enhances the pH value of the medium and the contents of REE leached tend to increase with decreasing pH value; and 4) compared with those leached by ammonia sulfate, the REE leached by the organic acids are characterized by a weaker negative Ce anomaly, a stronger negative Eu anomaly, and lower (La/Sm) N and ( Gd/Yb) N ratios, indicating that the organic acids have made contributions to the fractionation of REE in the weathering crust.

Microorganisms in the lateritic profiles of the Lianxian gold deposit in Guangdong were cultured, isolated and identified. The microorganisms include bacteria such as Bacillus, Enterobacter, Pseudom onas, Lactobacillus, Actinetobacter, Aeromona, Listeria, Agrobacterium, Corynebacterium, and Morax- ella, fungi such as Penicillium, A lternaria, Cladosporium, Saccharcom yces, M ucor, and the chemoautotrophic Thiobacillus. It is shown in a leaching experiment that the microorganisms can accelerate the leaching of Cu, Cd, Zn, and that the G- bacteria are most efficient for leaching Cu, Zn and the G+ bacteria are better for leaching Cd.

Microbes were cultured and identified from the samples collected at various depths in 4 weathering profiles of REE-bearing granites in Gonghe, Guangdong. The microbes were found existing at the depth of 0-5m in all the profiles. The main microbes include coccus (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus), bacillus (Bacillus, Clostridium and Escherichia Coli), actinomyces and fungi (Saccharomycete, Penicillium, Fusarium, Aspergillus Aiger and Mucor). The number of colonies decreases downwards in theprofiles. Experimental studies show that all the microbes used in the experiment can accelerate downward migration of REE in the experimental tubes. The ability to accelerate the migration of REE decreases in a sequence of fungi→actinomyces→bacillus→coccus. The microbes can change the modes of occurrence of REE in the weathering crust. The coccus, bacillus and actinomyces can increase the amounts of REE in ion state, whereas the fungi have a stronger ability to form organic compounding REE and accumulate REE than the bacteria do.

通过对九个包括几种色调的紫色翡翠样品进行常规的标本描述、偏光显微镜下薄片鉴定，结合红外光谱和X光衍射分析，较系统地研究了紫色翡翠的矿物学特征，并根据能谱分析结果，对紫色翡翠的致色机理作了初步探讨。结果表明：紫色翡翠的比重相对较小；其主要矿物成分为硬玉，次要矿物为钠长石和透闪石，少量的霓辉石和霓石；硬玉可分为三个世代，紫色硬玉的品形较好，多呈自形粒状变晶结构，主要属于第二和第三世代，即形成时间相对较晚；紫色翡翠的颜色主要由致色元素Fe引起，同时，V，Ni，Mn等致色元素对形成紫色的不同色调也起一定的作用。

以竹细塘和神背岩体为例，研究燕山晚期黑云母花岗岩的风化壳及其稀土成矿特征。结果表明：风化壳剖面发育层状结构，自下而上，碎屑矿物减少，粘土矿物含量增加，活动组分（K2O，Na2O，CaO）减少，稳定组分（Al2O3，Fe2O3，TiO2）增加。风化壳中稀土分布总体上保持原岩特征，但各风化壳层中铈负异常均增加，铕和铒负异常消失乃至出现正异常；全风化壳的中下部稀土最为富集，稀土分布型式也变化最大；在全风化和半风化壳层中稀土含量与粘土矿物呈明显的正相关关系。非矿物相稀土在风化壳中主要以活性态存在，此外还以铁铝共沉淀态和有机结合态形式赋存。

用0.1mol/L NaOH提取含稀上花岗岩风化壳样品中的腐殖酸时，发现含有粘土和腐殖酸的某种结合体的异常相存在。经过化学实验离析，结合凝胶色谱、离子交换色谱、红外光谱、荧光光谱分析、紫外-可见分光光度法及原子吸收光谱法元素测定，证明它既不是一种简单络合物，也不是混合物，而是以RE3+及Al3+、Fe3+等阳离子形成异核多核络合离子，以“桥”的形式存在于均带负电荷的腐殖酸和粘土之间，将它们连结起来。通过腐殖酸、稀卜和高岭石的复合实验，证实了这种结合模式。