By using a potentiostatic electrodeposition method, well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays (ZNAs) were synthesized under different conditions. The effects of preparing conditions on the electrodeposition of ZNAs were systematically studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and absorbance spectroscopy. It is indicated that the electrodeposition parameters, such as electrodeposition potential, electrolyte pH, concentration of precursors, temperature of solution and electrodeposition time, have significant influence on the morphology, diameter, density and growth rate of ZNAs. The ZNAs, with well-defined crystallization, can be only obtained when the applied potential is controlled from -0.4 to -1.0V. The growth temperature has great impact on the morphology of ZnO nanostructure but it is weakly related to the band gap (Eg) of ZNAs. The rod diameters can be monitored to some extent only by changing the concentration of the precursors. The electrolyte pH value has relative influence on the diameter of ZNAs. With the growth time increasing, ZNAs with high aspect ratio can be gained.

In this paper, the thermodynamic properties, such as the mean activity coefficient, osmotic coefficient, and water activity, for 129 complex aqueous electrolyte solutions have been calculated by the modified threecharacteristic-parameter correlation model. We also calculated the adjustable parameters of the Pitzer model and the Bromley model. Results of the standard deviations showed that our modified model is fairly suitable for predicting the mean activity coefficient, osmotic coefficient, and water activity of these electrolytes. This new model is much better than the Bromley model for all studied electrolyte solutions in this paper, and it is almost on par with the Pitzer model. Especially for 3-1 and 3-2 electrolytes, our model shows a better result than the Pitzer model.

In this study, Guggenheim charging process, which involves the radial Boltzmann distribution, was introduced to develop a new predictive model with three parameters, ion-ion distance parameter, ion-solvent parameter, and solvation parameter. In this model, the ion-ion and ion-solvent molecule interaction are all included in the charging process, and it is independent of the temperature and solvent. This new model was applied to correlate the experimental data from literatures for 208 electrolytes aqueous solution at T=298.15K of which the concentration range is wide. The calculated results agreed well with the experimental ones for most electrolytes, especially for the prediction in high ionic strength. The estimation of solvation parameter S also gave that the solvation tendency for cations and anions follow a trend, which is in consistent with results published in literature. Investigations were also been made in calculations for electrolytes solutions at other temperatures and non-aqueous system, which proved this model was also feasible.

近20年微波能在许多领域得到了应用和发展，但在冶金过程中的应用还处于起步阶段。本工作主要回顾了微波能在矿物处理和金属提取、回收及材料制备过程中（如加热、磨碎、氧化物矿碳热还原、浸出和冶金废弃物处理等方面）的研究结果和进展情况。尽管在这些方面已有许多研究成果，展现出微波在冶金过程应用的一些优点，但对微波与矿物和金属相互作用的机理及一些现象，仍存在一些认识上的分歧或不明之处。目前，提高微波能的转换效率、研制大功率微波发生器和设计高效的反应器，仍是微波工业化应用的关键。

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles coated titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (CeO2-TiO2 nanoparticles) have been successfully synthesized by sol-gel method. The complex impedance of the materials was investigated. The grain resistance, boundary resistance and activation energy of the nanoparticles were calculated according to Arrhenius equation. According to calculating results, the active capacity of pure TiO2 nanoparticles has been improved because of nano-CeO2 coating.An optimal CeO2 content of 4.9mol% was achieved. The high resolution electron microscopy images of CeO2-TiO2 nanoparticles showed that TiO2 nanoparticles, as a core, were covered by CeO2 nanoparticles. The average size of CeO2 coating TiO2 nanoparticles was about 70 nm. Scanning electron microscopy observation indicted that CeO2 nanoparticle coating improved the separation, insulation, and stability the CeO2-TiO2 nanoparticles, which was benefit to the activity of materials.

探索采用化学镀制备纳米镍颗粒有机复合纤维，经热解脱芯后得到纳米镍颗粒空心纤维的方法，并用SEM，TEM和XRD对其显微形貌和结构进行观测和分析。SEM观测显示，脱芯后得到的金属镍纤维为空心壳层结构，壳层完整且有微孔。XRD和TEM分析结果都表明：空心镍纤维壳层是由面心立方金属镍纳米颗粒构成，平均颗粒尺寸约40nm。强磁震动样品磁强仪测量纳米镍颗粒空心纤维的磁性能σs为33.80emu·g-1，He为151Oe。研究结果表明，采用化学镀制备金属有机复合纤维脱芯，可以获得纳米镍金属颗粒构筑的空心纤维。

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) fibers have been prepared via sol-gel route using acetic acid to acidify the precursors. The molecular structure of precursors is investigated by FTIR, liquid and solid 13C-NMR. The crystallization behavior and the microstructure of PZT fibers are analyzed and discussed. The dielectric properties are also measured by piezoAFM. A pure perovskite phase was obtained after heat treatment at 973K. The domain structure was observed, which showed that PZT fibers have ferroelectric properties. The permittivity of the PZT fiber was 544.

Author’s previous studies [J. Am. Ceram. Soc., in press] showed that the acidification of the precursor solution controls the strength and length of sol-gel PZT fibers. Two acids, acetic acid (CH3COOH) and methacrylic acid (C4H6O2), were studied. C4H6O2 produced longer fibers with small cracks, while CH3COOH produced shorter and denser fibers. In order to take advantage of the opposite effect of each of these acids, mixtures of acetic and methacrylic acid are used in this work to obtain longer and dense fibers. The effect of the ratio of CH3COOH/C4H6O2 mixture on the precursors' chemical structure, crystalline phase formation and microstructure of PZT fibers is investigated and discussed. Long and almost crack-free PZT fibers are obtained for a 1/2 ratio of CH3COOH/C4H6O2.

The mechanical properties and microstructure of different content of Titanium nitride (TiN) particulates added Aluminum oxynitride (AlON) ceramic composites were studied by using DSC, SEM, TEM, XRD techniques. AlON and TiN were the only main phases in this dense material. No reaction was noticed between the AlON matrix and TiN particles. The TiN particles can delay the decompostion temperature of AlON s. The mechanical properties increases with an increasing TiN content. The extensive microcracking commonly existing around the very large TiN grains, due to the high thermal expansion mismatch between AlON and TiN, was considered to have brought about positive effects on the strength of the composites materials and on toughening. The mechanical properties increases with an increasing sintering temperature, due to compactness of the composites, then degraded because of enormous grain growth of AlON and TiN. Finally, possible processes were discussed for the improvement of the properties of AlON-TiN composites.

The thermodynamic parameters of La(NO3)3 and La(OH)3 are evaluated and the thermodynamics of nano-La2O3 synthetic process is analyzed. On the base of thermodynamic analysis, La2O3 nano-powders are prepared by the sol-gel method and the experiment scheme is designed by an orthogonal method. The dry-gelatin is analyzed with differential thermal analysis/thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA) and X-ray diffraction method. The microstructure of nano-La2O3 powders is observed by transmission electron microscope. The synthetic parameters affecting the average grain size and dispersivity of nano-La2O3 particles are experimentally examined and analyzed. All the results indicate that nano-La2O3 particles well-dispersed are obtained and the average grain size is in the range of 20-50am.