In this paper, the thermodynamic properties, such as the mean activity coefficient, osmotic coefficient, and water activity, for 129 complex aqueous electrolyte solutions have been calculated by the modified threecharacteristic-parameter correlation model. We also calculated the adjustable parameters of the Pitzer model and the Bromley model. Results of the standard deviations showed that our modified model is fairly suitable for predicting the mean activity coefficient, osmotic coefficient, and water activity of these electrolytes. This new model is much better than the Bromley model for all studied electrolyte solutions in this paper, and it is almost on par with the Pitzer model. Especially for 3-1 and 3-2 electrolytes, our model shows a better result than the Pitzer model.

By using a potentiostatic electrodeposition method, well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays (ZNAs) were synthesized under different conditions. The effects of preparing conditions on the electrodeposition of ZNAs were systematically studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and absorbance spectroscopy. It is indicated that the electrodeposition parameters, such as electrodeposition potential, electrolyte pH, concentration of precursors, temperature of solution and electrodeposition time, have significant influence on the morphology, diameter, density and growth rate of ZNAs. The ZNAs, with well-defined crystallization, can be only obtained when the applied potential is controlled from -0.4 to -1.0V. The growth temperature has great impact on the morphology of ZnO nanostructure but it is weakly related to the band gap (Eg) of ZNAs. The rod diameters can be monitored to some extent only by changing the concentration of the precursors. The electrolyte pH value has relative influence on the diameter of ZNAs. With the growth time increasing, ZNAs with high aspect ratio can be gained.

The thermodynamic parameters of La(NO3)3 and La(OH)3 are evaluated and the thermodynamics of nano-La2O3 synthetic process is analyzed. On the base of thermodynamic analysis, La2O3 nano-powders are prepared by the sol-gel method and the experiment scheme is designed by an orthogonal method. The dry-gelatin is analyzed with differential thermal analysis/thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA) and X-ray diffraction method. The microstructure of nano-La2O3 powders is observed by transmission electron microscope. The synthetic parameters affecting the average grain size and dispersivity of nano-La2O3 particles are experimentally examined and analyzed. All the results indicate that nano-La2O3 particles well-dispersed are obtained and the average grain size is in the range of 20-50am.

In this study, Guggenheim charging process, which involves the radial Boltzmann distribution, was introduced to develop a new predictive model with three parameters, ion-ion distance parameter, ion-solvent parameter, and solvation parameter. In this model, the ion-ion and ion-solvent molecule interaction are all included in the charging process, and it is independent of the temperature and solvent. This new model was applied to correlate the experimental data from literatures for 208 electrolytes aqueous solution at T=298.15K of which the concentration range is wide. The calculated results agreed well with the experimental ones for most electrolytes, especially for the prediction in high ionic strength. The estimation of solvation parameter S also gave that the solvation tendency for cations and anions follow a trend, which is in consistent with results published in literature. Investigations were also been made in calculations for electrolytes solutions at other temperatures and non-aqueous system, which proved this model was also feasible.

探索采用化学镀制备纳米镍颗粒有机复合纤维，经热解脱芯后得到纳米镍颗粒空心纤维的方法，并用SEM，TEM和XRD对其显微形貌和结构进行观测和分析。SEM观测显示，脱芯后得到的金属镍纤维为空心壳层结构，壳层完整且有微孔。XRD和TEM分析结果都表明：空心镍纤维壳层是由面心立方金属镍纳米颗粒构成，平均颗粒尺寸约40nm。强磁震动样品磁强仪测量纳米镍颗粒空心纤维的磁性能σs为33.80emu·g-1，He为151Oe。研究结果表明，采用化学镀制备金属有机复合纤维脱芯，可以获得纳米镍金属颗粒构筑的空心纤维。