Summary Karst water is the most important source of water supply for Shanxi province,northern China. The Shentou springs are representative of the 19 major karst springs at Shanxi.The total area of the Shentou karst water system is 5316 km2, the Middle Ordovician limestonebeing its major karst aquifer. In this study, data about the strontium isotope geochemistry andmajor ion hydrochemistry were analyzed to understand the flow patterns and hydrogeochemicalprocesses of karst water at Shentou. The contour map of TDS value of karst water and that of Srconcentration are similar, showing the general tendency of increase from the northern, westernand southern boundary to the discharge area. The average values of 87Sr/86Sr ratios of karstwater decrease from recharge (0.7107) to discharge area (0.7102), evolving towards those oflimestone hostrocks. Comparison of 87Sr/86Sr ratios with Sr content suggests that isotopic compositionsof some karst water samples from the recharge and flow through area should be theresult of interaction between aquifer limestone matrix and strontium-poor recharge waters ofmeteoric origin. However, for samples from the discharge area that are plotted above the mixingline, mixing with groundwater in the Quaternary aquifers with high 87Sr/86Sr ratios may beanother factor controlling Sr isotope chemistry. Two major groundwater flow paths were discernedfrom hydrogeological and geochemical data. Along both flow paths, the 87Sr/86Sr ratiosof karst water show a general tendency of decrease. Geochemical modeling of the major iongeochemistry of karst water using PHREEQC also indicates that the chemistry of springs shouldbe affected by the incorporation of groundwater in Quaternary aquifer. The effect of the mixingaction on the spring hydrochemistry in flow path 1 is more remarkable than that in flow path 2,according to different mixing ratios in both paths (30% in flow path 1 and 5% in flow path 2).a 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Liulin karst system is typical of hydrogeological systems in northern China, with a group of springs as the dominant wayof regional groundwater discharge. Surface water leakage into groundwater has been observed in six sections of the rivers in thestudy area. To extract hydrogeological information from hydrochemical data, 29 water samples were collected from the system.On a trilinear diagram, most of the groundwater samples are clustered around the surface waters, indicating the effect of leakageon their chemistry. R-mode factor analysis was made on seven variables (Na, Ca, Mg, SO4, C1, HCO3, and NO3) of the samplesand three principal factors were obtained: the F1 factor is composed of Ca, Mg and SO4, the F2 of HCO3 and NO3, and the F3 ofNa and C1. These factors are then used as regionalized variables in ordinary Kriging for unbiased estimates of the spatialvariations of their scores. Considering regional hydrogeological conditions, the hydrogeological implications of the spatialdistribution of the factor scores as related to the effects of the surface leakage are discussed. To evaluate the geochemicalprocesses, the geochemical modeling code NETPATH was employed. The modeling results show that mixing commonlyoccurs in the system and dolomite dissolution is more important than calcite dissolution. Dedolomitization (calcite precipitationand dolomite dissolution driven by anhydrite dissolution) is locally important, in the western flank of the system where thesurface water leakage has the least effect.

介绍了铀尾矿库的物理、化学概念模型和其中重金属、放射性核素迁移的一般过程;论述了沉淀作用、络合作用和胶体作用对放射性核素迁移的影响;重点讨论了描述吸附作用的离子交换模型和表面络合模型的建模机理;对定量模拟放射性核素迁移行为的Kd模型、表面络合模型及“反应-运移模型”的应用进行了评述。

本文尝试将因子分析与克立格法相结合，用以分析柳林泉域地下水化学资料，获取到了地下水成因、循环深度等方面的信息。研究表明，因子-克立格法是一种有效、实用的研究区域水文地质问题的分析方法。

简述了反向地球化学模拟软件NETPATH2.0的结构及功能，并用其成功地模拟了山西省柳林泉域岩溶地下水系统中的水-岩相互作用，定量评价了岩溶地下水在地表水渗漏的影响下经历的地球化学作用及不同流径地下水的混合比例。

在对我国南方某大型尾矿库库区水文地质条件概化的基础上，运用国际最新版本的三维地下水流动与污染物运移的模拟软件VisualMODFLOW建立了研究区U（Ⅵ）在浅层地下水系统中迁移的反应-输运耦合模型，讨论了不同条件下U（Ⅵ）在地下水中的迁移情况.模拟结果指示，在不治理的条件下，U（Ⅵ）对库区地下水污染严重;而在尾矿库治理条件下，由于地下水系统的自净作用，对于尾矿库在运营期间下渗的U（Ⅵ），地下水系统完全可以“消化”.

近年来，神农架松柏镇居民的结石病时有发生，并有增长的势头。为了解地质环境尤其是饮用水对病患的影响，笔者现场对患病情况以及各种水源（包括河水、泉水、自来水）的来源、化学组成和放射性进行了调查，运用水质常规方法和原子吸收光谱分别测定了离子和微量元素。同时，与地质环境类似的木鱼镇进行了对比调查。研究结果显示，两地地表水、地下水的各种指标均未超出“生活饮用水水源水质卫生标准”。（CJ3020—93），且松柏镇水体中的放射性（7射线）低于木鱼镇，而居民的患病率却远高于木鱼镇，可见松柏镇的水环境与居民的结石病无直接关系。

进行了U（VI）在粘土上吸附的扎实验，其中粘土样采自我国南方某太型铀尾矿库库底实验姑果表明U（VI）在粘土上竹吸附与浸泡液的l卅值呈强烈的非线性关系在pH值近中性时．U（VI）在粘土上的吸附达到丁一十最太值，而在偏酸性或偏碱性条件下，U（VI）在粘土上的吸附迅速减少；运闹表面磐告理论建立了L（Ⅵ）在粘土上吸附竹表面络夸模型（UI），谊镬型很好地拟夸了安验敷据模型检验表明，它可烈精硝预测U（VI）在不同热卉学蒂件下的嗳附扦U（VI）外，摸扣结果表明，U（VI）的粘土上嗳附在酸性书件下受田液比（M/v）影响明显而在碱性夺件下主要受浸泡液中HCO，一和CO2一竹控制

选取离石黄土中的黄土及黏土层和重金属铬作为研究对象，通过等温吸附实验及Tessier法形态提取实验，分析了Cr抖在离石黄土中的存在形态，并对其分布规律进行了比较，研究了离石黄土对Cr抖的去除机理。实验结果表明：黄土及黏土层对Cr3+均有很好的去除效果，吸附率超过98％。当初始质量浓度肌p<100mg/L时，其等温吸附曲线属Henry型。形态提取研究发现：黄土及黏土层对Cr3+抖的吸附形态以碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主，两者的总和都在95％以上，有机质结合态较少且相对稳定。受黄土及黏土层化学成分差异的影响，它们对Cr3+抖的去除在形态分布上存在一定差异，黄土中Cr抖的形态分布：碳酸盐结合态>铁锰氧化物结合态>有机质结合态>可溶态>可交换态；黏土层中Cr抖的形态分布：铁锰氧化物结合态>碳酸盐结合态>有机质结合态>可溶态>可交换态。

环境变化研究是当前国际地球科学和环境科学界最为活跃的研究领域之一。作为全球水循环的重要环节，地下水是全球环境变化的受体和信息载体。地下水及其沉积物的物理、化学指标，诸如地下水水位、宏量组分、微量组分、同位素、惰性气体等可以用作不同时可尺度上环境变化的指示剂。从地下水及其沉积物中识别和提取高分辨率的环境变化信息，实现对环境变化的预警功能是地下水科学向环境科学延伸的重要方向；而随着全球淡水资源紧缺形势不断恶化，全球环境变化、特别是全球气候变化对地下水资源的影响成为水文地质研究的新课题。