作者于1982年在厦门仙人掌[Opuntia dillenii （Ker） How]的根部发现一种形成胞囊的线虫，鉴定为仙人掌仙人掌皮线虫（Cactodera cacti），并对其胞囊、幼虫和卵进行了扫描电镜观察。扫描电镜下的主要特征是：胞囊突出的阴门锥背侧有一凹陷区，为雌虫的尾端。环膜孔，有阴门小齿。尾端与膜孔之间有2～3条表皮花纹。卵壳内壁密布大小不一的刻点。第二期幼虫头部中央椭圆形的唇盘与周围的6个唇是分开的，而两个侧背唇之间和两个侧腹唇之间也都是分开的，即各不愈合。头区有4条完整的环纹，环纹呈六边形。

The paper reports an obligate parasite of some plant-parasitic nematodes-Bacillus penetrans, which was found to be new to China. The optical microphotographes and scan-ning electronic microphotographes of the spores of this kind of bacteria were taken, and the symptom of the infected larvae and females of rootknot nematodes were also described. The infection rates of B. penetrans in a number of plants in Xiamen were investigated and the tests of inoculation of the spores were conducted. The results indicate that Pratylenchus sp. and the larvae of N. incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria, M. hapla and M. fujianensis are easily infected with spores of B. penetrans, and the latter has been found to be new record of the host-nematode of this kind of.bacteria, while the larvae of Heterodera cacti and Rotylenchulus reniformis are not be infected. The infected larvae decrease their activity and even will die. The bodies of the infected females are full of spores and can not produce egg. Therefore, it is hopeful that B. penetrans will get plant nematodes under control. Among 3 species of root-knot nematodes parasitizing 16 species of host plants investi-gated, only the females of both M. incognita parasitizing Hibiscus schizopetalus, Solanum nigrum, and S. melongena and M. javanica parasitizing Achyranthes aspera have the spores of this kind of bacteria. There are only few B. penetrans in the nature according as they have been searched out only in 4.9% of 1529 females of all plants investigated (1.8% of 390 females of crops). Therefore, the authors think that the biological control of root-knot nematodes will become practical only after finding a way out of a difficulty of the mass production of the spores of this superparasite.

鉴于在国内Bursaphelenchus学名的中文名被写成“伞滑刃线虫”,作者指出其确切的中文名应当是伞真滑刃线虫，同时，指出其所隶属的Bursaphelenchinae应叫做伞真滑刃亚科，而不应叫做“伞滑刃亚科”。此外，该亚科下的另外2个属，Parasitaphelenchus应叫做寄生真滑刃属，而不应叫做“寄生滑刃属”，Rhadinaphelenchus 应叫做细杆真滑刃属，而不应叫做“细杆滑刃属”。

稻米生产在亚洲国家，特别是在我国具有经济重要性，可是关于水稻线虫的为害研究还比较少，目前已经知道与水稻有关的线虫有32种（Ichinohe，in webster，1972），干尖线虫（Aphelenchoides besseyi）是为害水稻主要的四种线虫之一。本文在调查的基础上研究其胚前发育、胚后发育和移行规律，为大田防治提供生物学依据。

The present communication reports the infection of Hirschm anniella o-ryz aewith Bacillus penetrans in Yuan Kou Village of Nan Ping city in Fujian province, which was first found in China. The infect ivityw as 5.26%. In addition, the cuticles of 40% of H. oryzae were adhered to the endospores of B. penetrans. After the infection, the pseudo-coelom of H. oryzae was filled with many spores, so that nematodes were clumsy in move-ment, body's colour was especially white, and ophagus became indistinct. When the nem a-tode bodies were cut, many spores flowed out of the wound, and the genital glands in the pseudocoelom shrivelled. The spores were (n=36) 4.1±0.1 (3.6～4.3) Lmin diameter with an in ternal, dense, spherical structure at apex which was (n=32) 2.0±0.1 (1.6～2.1) Lm in diam eter. Their morphology was similar to the spores from the females of Meloidogyne spp: This discovery indicated that B. penetrans currently appeared to have great potential for biological control of Hirschm anniella spp. of rice.

从寄生在番茄的南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）卵块中分离到一种破坏线虫的内寄生真菌淡紫拟青霉（Paecilomyces lilacinus），并利用啤酒厂的废渣、废液生产出菌剂。该菌剂每克样品含孢子量为3.4×10 6，用其进行防治根结线虫的盆栽试验。每1600ml土壤施8g比施1g菌剂的根结指数、虫瘿、卵块、雌虫和幼虫分别减少65%、94.0%、94.0%、95.95和97.9%。

在番茄、辣椒和鸡冠花中进行的盆栽试验表明：穿剌芽孢杆菌对感染根结线虫的植物都有保护效果，大约可使虫口密度降低75%～80%；同时该菌使根结线虫致根变重的情况有所缓和，从而根冠比倒转的症状有很大改善，各组试验的解剖结果证明，穿剌芽孢杆菌的寄生都导致虫瘿、卵块、雌虫、雄虫以及各期幼虫明显减少。

本文记述寄生于福建省经济作物的8种根结线虫（约占全世界已报告种类的2/4），发现寄主植物多达58种，其中36种寄主为新记录（作*号），国内丑种新记录有斗种（作☆号），对2种根结线虫作了雌虫会阴花纹的扫描电镜观察。根结属 （Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1887） 的线虫类是植物普遍的寄生虫，其特征是雌虫呈宽梨形，身体有一层弹性的角质膜而不形成坚硬的胞囊，卵贮存于从排泄孔分泌出体外的胶质卵囊中，体末端有角质膜形成的会阴花纹，雄虫体呈圆柱形。本属的模式种（M. exi-gua Goeldi, 1887）引起咖啡树根生瘤，在一百年前已被认识，随后各种农作物上的根结线虫相继被描述，同物异名有：Heterodera marioni （Cornu, 1879） Goodev, 1932和Caco-Bema radicicola （Greef, 1872） Cobb, 1924等。Chitwood （1949） 修订本属，首创根据会阴花纹鉴别虫种，并把本属从形成胞囊的线虫中分出来。Chitwood的发明促进了根结线虫 的研究。本属种类目前已有36种（F. Lamberti and C. E. Taylor, 1979）国内刘金佛（1978）、吴国华、林明雄等（1979）、冯志新、关燕如等（1980）、唐崇惕（1981）等曾作过有关报道本属线虫分布五大洲，寄生于二干多种植物。世界各地由于由本属和其他线虫为害导致农作物减产达5%，而在发展中国家可达25%以至50% （A. L. Taylor and J. N.Sasser, t978），对经济作物危害极大，作者在1980年开始本项研究，现将研究结果简述于后。

A study was made of the temporal fluctuation in the population density of Meloidogynefujianensis parasitizing the roots of Citrus reticulata growing in Nanjing County, China. The lowest infection rate occurred in August (30%), and the highest in April of the following year (90%). The lowest average infectivity was re-corded in August (1.8 females/2g roots) and the highest in February of the following year (24.2 females/plant). Infection occurred throughout the year with peaks of infection in September and October and again in March to April of the following year. The peak of oviposition occurred during December and January. The population density increased with increasing monthly average temperatures. The most active growth of C. reticulata roots coincided with the peaks of infection of nematode juveniles (September-October, March-April), which was as-sociated with two main periods of disease symptomatology. The ratio of males decreased with increasing monthly rainfall.