马锋旺
主要从事果树抗性生理与生物技术改良研究。
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- 姓名:马锋旺
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学术头衔:
博士生导师
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学科领域:
海洋化学
- 研究兴趣:主要从事果树抗性生理与生物技术改良研究。
马锋旺,男,1964年4月生,教授,博士,博士生指导教师。现任农业部西北园艺植物种质资源与遗传改良重点开放实验室副主任,西北农林科技大学园艺学院果树系主任兼陕西果树研究所所长。主要从事果树抗性生理与生物技术改良研究。1984年毕业于山东农业大学果树专业,获学士学位,1987年硕士研究生毕业于原西北农业大学,获果树学硕士学位,1996年获原西北农业大学果树学博士学位,2001年3月至2002年2月和2002年7月至2002年9月在美国康乃尔大学留学。兼任中国园艺学会苹果分会理事,李杏分会理事,《西北农林科技大学学报》(自然科学版)编委等学术职务。1987年在西北农业大学参加工作,先后从事苹果品种和砧木离体繁殖、杏树微体繁殖和细胞培养、苹果6-磷酸山梨醇脱氢酶cDNA的克隆和转化、抗氧化酶基因转化苹果获得多抗性植株、苹果优新品种的选育及苹果抗坏血酸合成和代谢相关酶基因的克隆和转化等方面的研究工作。1994、1997和1998年分别获陕西省人民政府科技进步奖三等奖,1997和2000年分别获校优秀教学成果二等奖,2004年获校优秀教学成果一等奖,在Plant Science、Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science、Tree Physiology、园艺学报、植物生理与分子生物学学报、果树学报、西北农林科技大学学报、西北植物学报等学术刊物上发表学术论文80余篇。2002年被评为杨凌“十大杰出青年”。
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马锋旺, 王鸿,
,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
研究了影响山杏下胚轴再生的有关因素,首次获得了山杏下胚轴再生植株。结果表明:在附加TDZ2mg/L、AA0.5mg/L的改良MS培养基(1/2 NH4NO3)上愈伤组织诱导率(100%)和再生频率(37.5%)均最高,TDZ效果优于6-BA,不定梢在改良MS+IBA0.2mg/L培养基上生根率为75.8%。
山杏, 下胚轴, 再生
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马锋旺, LAILIANG CHENG, , FENGWANG MA and DAMAYANTHI RANWALA
Tree Physiology 24, 91-98,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Bench-grafted 'Fuji/M.26' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees received a constant nitrogen (N) supply (10.7mM) from bud break to the end of June, and were then fertigated with 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20mM N in a modified Hoagland's solution for 2 months during the summer. In mid-October, half of the trees fertigated at each N concentration were sprayed twice with 3% urea, whereas the remaining trees served as controls. All trees were harvested after natural leaf fall and were stored at 2℃. Five trees from each of the N treatment combinations were destructively sampled during dormancy to determine the composition of N and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC). As the N supply from fertigation increased, amounts of N in both free amino acids and proteins increased, whereas C/N ratios decreased. Foliar urea applications in the fall significantly increased amounts of N in both free amino acids and proteins, but decreased their C/N ratios. Arginine, the most abundant amino acid in both free amino acids and in proteins, accounted for an increasing proportion of N in free amino acids and proteins with increasingNsupply from fertigation or foliar urea application. The ratio of proteinNto free amino acidNdecreased from about 27.1 to 3.2 as N supply from fertigation increased from 0 to 20mM, and decreased further to 3.0 in response to foliar urea applications in the fall. Concentrations of glucose, fructose, sucrose and TNC decreased as theNsupply from fertigation increased, whereas concentrations of sorbitol and starch remained relatively unchanged. Foliar urea applications decreased the concentration of eachTNCcomponent and theTNCconcentration in each N fertigation treatment. A negative linear relationship was found between carbon in TNC and N in proteins and free amino acids. The sum of carbon in TNC, proteins and free amino acids remained constant in response to N supply from fertigation. However, foliar urea applications decreased the sum of carbon in proteins, free amino acids and TNC because about 21% of the decrease in TNC carbonwas not recovered in free amino acids or proteins.Young apple trees storeNand carbon dynamically in response to N supply. As N supply increases, an increasing proportion of N is found in the form of free amino acids, which have a low carbon cost, although proteins remain the main form of N storage. Furthermore, part of the carbon from TNC is incorporated into amino acids and proteins, proteins, decreasing the carbon stored as TNC and increasing the carbon stored as amino acids and proteins.
C/, N ratio,, foliar urea,, free amino acids,, Malus domestica,, nitrogen fertigation,, proteins,, total nonstructural carbohydrates (, TNC), .,
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马锋旺, Fengwang Ma, Lailiang Cheng*
Plant Science xxx(2003)1-9,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
The objective of this study was to determine how xanthophyll cycle-dependent thermal dissipation and the antioxidant system in the peel of apple fruit respond to the natural light exposure within the tree canopy. Fruit from exterior and interior canopies of both mature 'Gala' and 'Smoothee' apple trees were sampled at noon and/or predawn to measure chlorophyll fluorescence, xanthophyll cycle pool size and composition, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Compared with the shaded side, the sun-exposed peel of the fruit had more excess absorbed photon flux density (PFD) as a result of a lower photosystem II operating efficiency and a higher incident PFD at noon. The efficiency of excitation transfer was lower in the sun-exposed peel than in the shaded peel, indicative of higher thermal dissipation. The sun-exposed peel had a larger xanthophyll cycle pool size and a higher conversion state. It also had higher activities of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, and a larger size and a higher reduction state of the ascorbate pool and the glutathione pool. However, catalase activity was lower in the sun-exposed peel than in the shaded peel. Superoxide dismutase did not show significant trend with regard to fruit peel type or position in the canopy. We conclude that both the xanthophyll cycle and the ascorbate/glutathione pathway in the apple fruit peel are acclimated to the prevailing light exposure within the tree canopy to meet the respective needs for dissipating excess absorbed PFD and detoxifying reactive oxygen species.
Apple, Acclimation, Antioxidant metabolites, Antioxidant enzymes, Fruit, Light exposure, Malus domestica, Xanthophyll cycle
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【期刊论文】Diurnal Operation of the Xanthophyll Cycle and the Antioxidant System in Apple Peel
马锋旺, Lailiang Cheng and Fengwang Ma
J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 129 (3): 313-320. 2004.,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Libertyʼ) were monitored in the fi eld over a diurnal course at about 3 months after full bloom. Compared with leaves, sun-exposed peel of apple fruit had much lower photosystem II operating effi ciency at any given photon fl ux density (PFD) and a larger xanthophyll cycle pool size on a chlorophyll basis. Zeaxanthin (Z) level increased with rising PFD in the morning, reached the highest level during midday, and then decreased with falling PFD for the rest of the day. At noon, Z accounted for >90% of the xanthophyll cycle pool in the fruit peel compared with only 53% in leaves. Effi ciency of excitation transfer to PSII reaction centers (Fv'/Fm') was negatively related to the level of Z in fruit peel and leaves throughout the day. In fruit peel, the antioxidant enzymes in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) showed a diurnal pattern similar to that of incident PFD. In contrast, the activities of APX and GR in leaves did not change signifi cantly during the day although activities of both MDAR and DHAR were higher in the afternoon than in the morning. In both fruit peel and leaves, superoxide dismutase activity did not change signifi cantly during the day; catalase activity showed a diurnal pattern opposite to that of PFD with much lower activity in fruit peel than in leaves. The total ascorbate pool was much smaller in fruit peel than in leaves on an area basis, but the ratio of reduced ascorbate to oxidized ascorbate reached a maximum in the early afternoon in both fruit peel and leaves. The total glutathione pool, reduced glutathione and the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione in both fruit peel and leaves also peaked in the early afternoon. We conclude that the antioxidant system as well as the xanthophyll cycle responds to changing PFD over the course of a day to protect fruit peel from photooxidative damage.
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【期刊论文】改良RNA提取法及樱桃PDV和PNRSV的RT-PCR检测
马锋旺, 阮小凤, Jelkm annWilhelm
西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,8(32):7~12,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
介绍了一种从木本植物组织中获得高质量RNA 的快速、简单和高效的核酸提取方法。该方法是基于核酸的二氧化硅捕获,避免了使用苯酚、氯仿等有机溶剂。利用该方法从樱桃组织中提取的总RNA 用RT 2PCR技术检测PDV,PNRSV 均获得成功。从感病植株的一年生枝的叶片、韧皮部及芽组织中扩增出了预期的目的片段,即172和449bp,而健康组织中无此扩增带。该法提取的总RNA用于RT 2PCR技术检测,其敏感性至少与商业出售的Qiagen RNeasy提取试剂盒相当,但简单经济。
总RNA提取, 二氧化硅, 樱桃, PDV, PNRSV, RT-PCR检测
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马锋旺, 张宏亮, 李嘉瑞, 张金环
西北植物学报,1999,19(4):629-635,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
通过对原产于不同地区的51个杏品种的性器官发育和结实性的系统调查和测定,结果表明,1. 花粉大小和形状少数虽有一定差异,而绝大多数品种相似,品种问花粉萌发率尽管差异很大,但所有品种均为花粉可育型;2. 大多数品种不完全花百分率很高,自然授粉结实率很低,其主要原因是雌蕊败育;3. 品种间不完全花百分率与花粉萌发率呈正相关;4. 欧洲生态群品种与中国生态群品种比较花粉大小和形状基本相似,而花粉萌发率和不完全花百分率低,自然授粉结实率高;5. 欧洲生态群品种能白花结实,而中国生态群品种均为自花不实品种。
杏,, 花粉,, 不完全花,, 结实性
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马锋旺, Fengwang Ma, Lailiang Cheng*
Plant Science 166(2004)1479-1486,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Approximately 80 days after full bloom, well-exposed fruit on the south part of the canopy of mature Liberty/M9 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were randomly assigned to one of the following two treatments. Some fruits were turned about 180◦ to expose the original shaded side to full sun, whereas the rest served as untreated controls. On days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7 and 10 after treatment, fruit peel samples were taken from the original shaded side of the treated fruit and both the sun-exposed side and the shaded side of the control fruit at midday, to determine photosynthetic pigments, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Maximum photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, measured as Fv/Fm (maximum fluorescence) of chlorophyll fluorescence at pre-dawn, was higher in the shaded side than the sun-exposed side of the control fruit. Fv/Fm of the original shaded side decreased sharply after 1 day exposure to full sun, and then gradually recovered to a similar value of the sun-exposed side of the control fruit by day 10. The shaded side of the control fruit had much lower xanthophyll cycle pool size, conversion and antioxidant enzymes and also soluble antioxidants of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle than the sun-exposed side. Xanthophyll cycle pool size of the original shaded side increased in response to full sun exposure, reaching a similar value of the sun-exposed side by day 10. Almost all the xanthophyll cycle pool was converted to zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin starting from the first day of exposure to full sun. In contrast, chlorophyll content decreased whereas lutein or neoxanthin content remained unchanged. In response to full sun exposure, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase and total pool size and reduction state of both ascorbate and glutathione, all increased to the corresponding values found in the sun-exposed side of the control fruit over a 10-day period. It is concluded that both xanthophyll cycle and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the original shaded side are up-regulated in response to full sun exposure to minimize photo-oxidative damage and contributes to its acclimation to full sun.
Apple fruit, Ascorbate-glutathione cycle, Malus domestica, Photoprotection, Acclimation, Xanthophyll cycle
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马锋旺, 耶兴元, 王顺才, 梁东
西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(12):33~37,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
在45℃下对猕猴桃一年生盆栽苗进行2,4,6,8,10h的高温胁迫,测定高温胁迫下叶绿素含量、相对膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量及热激蛋白等生理生化指标。结果表明,高温胁迫下叶绿素含量下降,相对膜透性增大,MDA 含量增加; 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸还原酶(APX)活性均在胁迫初期呈上升趋势,随处理时间延长,活性下降;随胁迫时间延长,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH) 含量先升后降,抗坏血酸(ASA)含量总体呈下降趋势,谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和脯氨酸含量一直呈上升趋势;热激蛋白(HSP)在高温下被诱导。
高温胁迫, 猕猴桃, 幼苗叶片, 生理效应
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