东方蜜蜂微孢子虫Nosema ceranae是专性寄生蜜蜂中肠上皮细胞的单细胞真菌，对意大利蜜蜂(意蜂)具有较强的侵染性。本研究利用 ＲNA-seq 技术对正常 10 d ( Apis mellifera ligustica control group，AmCK)和N. ceranae胁迫10 d的意蜂工蜂中肠(Apis mellifera ligustica treatment group，AmT)进行测序，共得到160 847 237 100 条原始读段， 过滤后得到 1 066 955 298 条有效读段。主成分分析结果显示 AmCK 与 AmT 测序样品的组内重复性较好， 组间的基因表达模式差异明显。GO 分类结果显示， AmCK与AmT的前100 位高表达基因( HEGs)分别分布于32和33个GO terms， 基因富集数最多的均为代谢进程。KEGG 代谢通路(pathway)富集分析结果显示，AmCK的前100位HEGs富集在21个pathways，基因富集数最多的是内吞作用、信号通路和嘌呤代谢; AmT的前100 位 HEGs 富集在26个pathways，基因富集数最多的是内吞作用、ＲNA 转运和蛋白质的内质网加工。前100位HEGs的Venn分析结果显示AmCK与AmT的共有HEGs为87个，特有HEGs分别均为13个。研究结果揭示了N. ceranae胁迫意蜂工蜂中肠过程中的基因表达谱信息，也为解析N. ceranae致病的分子机理提供了有益信息和线索。

Ascosphaera apis is an obligate fungal pathogen of honeybee larvae that leads to chalkbrood, which causes heavy losses for the apiculture in China and many other countries. In this article, guts of 4-, 5-, 6-day-old Apis mellifera ligustica larvae challenged by A. apis (AmT1, AmT2, AmT3) and normal 4-day-old larval guts (AmCK) were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. On average, 29196197, 28690943, 29779715 and 30496725 raw reads were yielded from these four groups; an average of 29540895 clean reads were obtained after quality control. In addition, the mapping ratio of clean reads in treatment and control groups to the Apis mellifera genome were over 97.16%. For more insight please see “Uncovering the immune responses of Apis mellifera ligustica larval gut to Ascosphaera apis infection utilizing transcriptome sequencing” [1]. The raw data were submitted to the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database under accession numbers: SRR4084091, SRR4084092, SRR4084095, SRR4084096, SRR4084097, SRR4084098, SRR4084099, SRR4084100, SRR4084101, SRR4084102, SRR4084093, SRR4084094.

N osema ceranae is a widespread fungal pathogen of honeybees, which is infective to all castes in the colony, including queens, drones and workers. Nosemosis caused by N. ceranae poses a big challenge for apiculture all over the world. In this articleHere, midguts of normal and N. ceranae-infected Apis cerana cerana workers at 7 (10) days post infection (dpi) were sequenced utilizing small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq). Totally, 150.54 Mb raw reads were produced in this article, and 144.26 Mb high-quality clean reads with a mean ratio of 95.83% were obtained after strict filtering and quality control. For more insight please see “Comparative identification of microRNAs in Apis cerana cerana workers' midguts responding to Nosema ceranae invasion” [1]. Raw data are available in NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database under the BioProject number PRJNA487111. Our data can be used for investigating differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) and piRNAs and their regulatory roles engaged in A. c. cerana response to N. ceranae infection, and for offering potential candidates for uncovering the molecular mechanisms regulating eastern honeybee-microsporidian interactions.

Honeybees are pivotal pollinators of crops and wild flora, and of great importance in supporting critical ecosystem balance. Nosema ceranae, a unicellular fungal parasite that infects midgut epithelial cells of honeybees, can dramatically reduce honeybee population and productivity. Here, midguts of Apis mellifera ligustica workers at 7 d and 10 d post inoculation (dpi) with sucrose solution (Ac7CK and Ac10CK) and midguts at 7 dpi and 10 dpi with sucrose solution containing N. ceranae spores (Ac7T and Ac10T) were sequenced using strand-specific cDNA library construction and next-generation sequencing. A total of 1956129858 raw reads were gained in this article, and after quality control, 1946489304 high-quality clean reads with a mean Q30 of 93.82% were obtained. The rRNA-removed clean reads were then aligned to the reference genome of Apis mellifera with TopHat2. For more insight please see “Genome-wide identification of long non-coding RNAs and their regulatory networks involved in Apis mellifera ligustica response to Nosema ceranae infection” [1]. Raw data were deposited in NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database under the BioProject number PRJNA406998. These data can be used for comparative analysis to identify differentially expressed coding RNAs and non-coding RNAs involved in host responses to N. ceranae stress, and for investigation of molecular mechanisms regulating N. ceranae-response.

【目的】预测、分析和鉴定意大利蜜蜂（Apis mellifera ligustica）工蜂肠道的长链非编码RNA（lncRNA），探究lncRNA的作用。【方法】结合RNA-seq技术和链特异性cDNA建库方法对意蜂工蜂中肠进行深度测序；利用Perl脚本对原始数据进行过滤；联用CPC和CNCI软件对测序数据进行lncRNA预测，并比较lncRNA基因与其邻近的蛋白编码基因的结构特征；通过RT-PCR对随机选取的lncRNA进行鉴定；利用相关生物信息学软件对lncRNA、的上下游基因进行GO分类和KEGG代谢通路富集分析。【结果】意蜂工蜂中肠样品的lncRNA-seq共得到1 956 118 858原始读段，经过滤得到1 946 489 304有效读段，共预测出6 353个lncRNA，它们较蛋白编码基因含有较少的外显子数、较短的转录本长度。通过RT-PCR验证了9个lncRNA的表达。lncRNAs的上下游基因富集在42个GO条目和256条代谢通路，进一步分析结果表明这些lncRNAs参与调控意蜂工蜂中肠的新陈代谢和细胞生命活动等生物学过程。【结论】研究结果丰富了蜜蜂的lncRNA信息，也为阐明lncRNA在意蜂工蜂中肠发育及胁迫响应过程中的作用打下了基础。