In this paper, the most up-to-date research on the buckling of internally-pressurized cone±cylinder intersections and state-of-the-art ®nite element analyses are deployed to provide another anatomy of a pressure vessel failure due to mis-operation overpressure recently reported and analyzed by Jones [Jones, DRH. Buckling failures of pressurized vessels: two case studies. Engineering Failure Analysis 1994;1:155±67]. Existing research on these intersections is ®rst outlined, followed by a description of the buckling strength formulae recently developed to approximate ®nite element buckling loads of the perfect geometry. The validity of these formulae for real vessels with geometric imperfections is next examined through a comparison of theoretical predictions with experimental results, which establishes the limited sensitivity of the buckling load to initial imperfections. The buckling pressure of the cone±cylinder intersection in the failed vessel is then determined using these formulae, while the buckling pressure of the spherical partition in the vessel is evaluated using the ECCS rule. These calculations demonstrate that the cone±cylinder intersection buckled ®rst, followed by the buckling of the spherical partition, which also released the vessel from overpressure. The buckling pressure of the spherical partition is therefore also the maximum pressure exerted on the vessel. This proposition is con®rmed by postbuckling analyses of the vessel.

Large elevated steel silos for the storage of bulk solids generally consist of a cylindrical vessel above a conical discharge hopper supported on a cylindrical skirt. The cone-cylinder-skirt transition junction is subject to a large circumferential compressive force which is derived from the horizontal component of the meridional tension in the conical hopper, so either a ring is provided or the shell walls are locally thickened to strengthen the junction. Extensive theoretical studies have examined the buckling and collapse strengths of these junctions, leading to theoretically based design proposals. However, no previous experimental study on steel silo transition junctions has been reported due to the considerable difficulties associated with testing these thin-shell junctions at model scale. This paper presents the results of a series of tests on cone-cylinder-skirt-ring junctions in steel silos under simulated bulk solid loading. In addition to the presentation of test results including geometric imperfections and failure behavior, the determination of buckling modes and loads based on displacement measurements is examined in detail.

简仓结构广泛应用于农业、矿业、化工、电力等诸多领域中的散料储存。混凝上筒仓在国内已有许多应用，但钢筒仓的应用还很有限。过去二十年里国际上对钢简仓结构的性能致强度进行了大量的研究，香港理工大学在近几年也进行了许多研究。本文总结了大型圆形钢筒仓结构行为及设计方面的近期研究进展。首先对钢筒仓的结构形式及散料荷载进行简单讨论，并介绍钢筒仓的主要破坏形式发相应的研究，给出了可供钢筒仓结构设计直接应用的部分主要设计公式。还介绍了钢筒仓结构设计中的计算机分析方法，最后指出钢筒仓结构尚需进一步研究的课题。

Large elevated steel silos generally consist of a cylindrical vessel, a conical discharge hopper and a skirt which may either be supported on the ground or by a number of columns. The cone-cylinder-skirt junction is subject to a large circumferential compressive force due to the radial component of the meridional tension in the hopper, so either a ring is provided or the shell walls are locally thickened to strengthen the junction. Many theoretical studies have examined the buckling and collapse strengths of these junctions, but no previous experimental study has been reported. This has been due to the great difficulties associated with testing these thin-shell junctions at model scale. This paper first describes the development of an experimental facility for testing model steel silo transition junctions. Issues covered include the fabrication of quality model junctions using thin steel sheets, the loading method and the precise three-dimensional measurement of geometric imperfections and deformed shapes using a laser-displacement meter. Typical experimental results of a cone-cylinder-skirt-ring junction are next presented to demonstrate the capability of the developed facility. Procedures for processing the test results to determine both the buckling load and the number of buckling waves are also presented.

建造在软土地基上的大型储罐会产生各种沉降变形，其中罐周不均匀沉降对结构的影响最为不利本文首先对软土地基上大型储罐沉降的主要类型和特点做简要总结，然后分析罐周不均匀沉降对不同类型钢储罐结构(浮顶罐和固定顶罐)的影响，并回顾了不均匀沉降下钢储罐结构应力分析的有关研究文中还指出，目前由岩土工程师凭借经验提出的储罐地基变形允许值从结构工程的角度看不尽合理，合理的取值应充分考虑储罐结构对地基变形的响应