Six inorganic compounds, i.e., Na2CO3, NaOH, NaCl, Na2SiO3, TiO2 and HZSM-5, have been investigated with regard to their catalytic effects on pyrolysis of three biomass species, i.e., pine wood, cotton stalk and fir wood by thermal analysis experiments. The results show that Na2CO3, NaOH, Na2SiO3 and NaCl made devolatilization occur at lower temperature regions in the pyrolysis of the three kinds of biomass, whereas TiO2 and HZSM-5 made that occur at higher temperature regions in the pyrolysis of cotton stalk and had no obvious effects on pyrolysis temperatures of pine wood and fir wood. The basic catalysts NaOH, Na2CO3 and Na2SiO3 decreased the maximum weight loss rates while NaCl and HZSM-5 increased them and TiO2 had no obvious effects on them. The four sodium compounds made pyrolysis of the three kinds of biomass more exothermic, which might be due to more char formation, whereas TiO2 and HZSM-5 had minor effects on reaction heat. The catalytic effects in all aspects were roughly correlated with one another and their relationship with the basicity and acidity of the catalysts were preliminarily described and analyzed.

Thermal analysis and thermolysis kinetics of three kinds of seaweeds and fir wood (M. glyptostriboides Huet Cheng), a kind of typical land plant, had been conducted. The results showed that thermal stability follows the order of Grateloupia filicina<Ulva lactuca<Dictyopteris divaricata < fir wood. A notable difference on heat flow between seaweeds and fir wood during thermolysis was that the former were mainly connected with exothermic processes at relatively lower temperature regimes, while the latter was connected with an apparent endotherm at a relatively higher temperature regime followed by a maximum exothermic peak. This suggested that the heat coupling might be realized if cothermolysis of seaweeds and fir wood were carried out. The main devolatilization phase of each seaweed could be described by Avrami-Erofeev equation, which indicated that thermolysis of seaweeds follows the mechanism of random nucleation and nuclei growth, whereas that of fir wood by Z-L-T equation and its thermolysis mechanism was three-dimensional diffusion. The activation energies calculated for both seaweeds and fir wood increase as conversion increases. However, those for the former have wider distribution.

In order to gain insight into the fast pyrolysis mechanism of biomass and the relationship between bio-oil composition and pyrolysis reaction conditions, to assess the possibility for the raw bio-oil to be used as fuel, and to evaluate the concept of spout-fluidized bed reactor as the reactor for fast pyrolysis of biomass to prepare fuel oil, the composition and combustion characteristics of bio-oil prepared in a spout-fluidized bed reactor with a designed maximum capacity 5 kg/h of sawdust as feeding material, were investigated by GC–MS and thermogravimetry. 14 aromatic series chemicals were identified. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the bio-oil was liable to combustion, the combustion temperature increased with the heating rate, and only minute ash was generated when it burned. The kinetics of the combustion reaction was studied and the kinetic parameters were calculated by both Ozawa–Flynn–Wall and Popsecu methods. The results agree well with each other. The most probable combustion mechanism functions determined by Popescu method are f(α)=k(1−α)2 (400～406℃), f(α)=1/2k(1−α)3 (406～416℃) and f(α)=2k(1−α)3/2 (416～430℃) respectively.

为了开发喷动流化床生物质裂解反应器，建立了一内径为150mm的有机玻璃冷模实验装置，在室温下考察了不同喷动气和流化气流速下，导向管长度对床层流动特性的影响。结果表明，在其他条件相同时，颗粒循环量、中心喷泉高度及床层压降随导向管长度增长先增加后减少，本装置中导向管的最佳长度为450mm。另外导向管的长度对床层的稳定性也有一定影响。

通过对导向管喷动流化床的喷动区和流化区分别进行质量平衡和动量平衡，得出了描述连续流动条件下其床层内粒子停留时间的数学模型。本模型所得计算结果与以前报道的实验结果一致。