为找到一种除磷的高效吸附剂，通过铁盐与铈盐的混合溶液与碱溶液反应合成了对水溶液中磷酸盐具有高效吸附作用的吸附剂粉末。经正交试验发现，盐溶液中铁、铈离子含量是影响除磷效果的最重要因素，此外合成温度、干燥温度也对吸附性能有一定影响。通过各种测试证明，结晶破碎是复合除磷剂比表面积增大的主要原因，而比表面积增大又是高效吸附除磷的主要原因。

To clarify the effect of sludge retention time (SRT) on performance and microbial behaviour in a submerged membrane bioreactor for the treatment of domestic wastewater, four runs of a laboratory scale reactor with hydraulic retention time of 5h and SRTs of 5, 10, 20 and 40 days, respectively, were conducted. The membrane bioreactor process was capable of achieving over 90% removals both for chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen, on average, almost independent of SRT. With prolonged SRT, concentrations of suspended solids and volatile suspended solids in the bioreactor increased accordingly, whereas sludge growth kinetic parameters, sludge yield and endogenous decay coefficients, declined slightly and exponentially, respectively. The mean sludge particle sizes at different SRTs were in the range 14.82-48.24m, providing a favourable environment for enhancement of mass transport. Characterized by an oxygen consumption rate, sludge specific activities both for organic decomposition and nitrification of ammonia nitrogen varied with SRT. However, volumetric oxygen consumption rates of the membrane bioreactor, representing the whole ability of the process for decomposing pollutants, were enhanced as SRT increased.

In the present study, an orthogonal array design was adopted to investigate effects of operational parameters including aeration intensity, membrane flux, suction time and non-suction time on sludge accumulation on membrane surfaces respectively at a high SS concentration of 10g 1-l and a low SS concentration of 1g I-1 in a submerged membrane bioreactor. Average transmembmne pressure (TMP) increase rate over the operation time was used to evaluate sludge accumulation. Among the four factors, membrane flux was found to influence Th4P the most obviously. The effect of aeration intensity became significant only at a high SS concentration of 10g I-1TMP increased with suction time and decreased with non-suction time. There was a critical membrane flu over which sludge particles were deposited, and accordingly, ThW increased sharply. Two zones, predicting whether sludge particles are deposited or not, could be comprehensively determined by the critical flux, correspondent aeration intensity and SS concentration. For long-term stable operation, it is suggested that a membrane bioreactor be operated in the zone with prediction of no obvious sludge deposit on membrane surfaces.

对地下渗滤系统处理生活污水的氮磷去除机理进行了研究。结果表明，在2cm/d的水力负荷下，系统对氨氮、COD、总磷的去除率可达到90%以上；出水中氨氮、COD、总磷分别低于0.2,30，0.025mg/L；系统对总氮亦有良好的去除效果，达3.5%。强化布水措施可以有效地提高系统对污染物质的去除率。地下渗滤系统中通过硝化、反硝化作用可以去除约50%的进水总氮，是地下渗滤系统去除氮的主要途径。改善条件以促进反硝化反应是提高地下渗滤系统总氮去除率的关键。土壤吸附与沉淀作用是地下渗滤系统去除磷的主要途径。

An anoxic/aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) was applied to simultaneous removals of nitrogen and carbon from food processing wastewater in a laboratory scale experiment. By continuous runs under appropriate operational conditions, COD, NH4 +-N and TN removal was over 94, 91 and 74%, respectively. The anoxic reactor and aerobic MBR contributed 40-63 and 29-46% to COD removal, and 31-43 and 47-64% to NH4 +-N removal, respectively. Nitrification in the MBR could be enhanced by adding some carriers for growth of adhesive biomass when the system was operated at a shorter sludge retention time (SRT). The maximum volumetric COD and TN loadings as high as 3.4kg COD m-3 day-1 and 1.26kg Nm-3 day-1 were achieved. Measurement results of sludge activity for nitrification were consistent with the effluent NH4 +-N concentration change.