This paper introduces a novel structured metallic catalyst that improves mass transfer performance of a monolith reactor for highly exothermic gas–solid reactions. The monolith channels are designed to have metallic substrates that consist of two layers with one of the layers being the metallic support and another layer being a foam metal annular that is tightly deposited onto the support surface by some means. Parametrical studies based on a 2D monolith reactor model showed that the present design yields an enhanced mass transfer between the bulk fluid and the catalyst layer due to a decrease in external film resistance, and an enhanced mass transfer within the solid phase mainly due to the viscous flow effect within the porous catalyst layer.

Gas–liquid mass transfer from Taylor bubbles rising in 1, 2 and 3mm diameter capillaries of circular and square cross-sections was investigated for air–water system. The liquid-phase volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa was obtained from experimental oxygen absorption dynamics. The experimental kLa values are in good agreement with the model developed by van Baten and Krishna (2004.Chemical Engineering Science 59, 2535–2545), with the additional assumption that the

Two-phase flow hydrodynamics in vertical capillaries of circular and square cross sections were experimentally studied, using air as the gas phase and water, ethanol, or an oil mixture as the liquid phase. The capillary hydraulic diameters ranged from 0.9 mm to 3 mm, with the superficial gas and liquid velocities covering a span of 0.008-1 m/s, which is typical of that obtained in monolith reactors. Using a high-speed video camera, four distinct flow regimes were observed within the range at which experiments were conducted: bubbly, slug-bubbly, Taylor, and churn flows. Annular flow was observed at excessively high gas and low liquid flow rates, well beyond those of interest to this study. Based on the definition of a two-class flow regime, the combination of two parameterssthe slip ratio (S) and the ratio of the superficial gas velocity to two-phase superficial velocity (UG/UTP)-was observed to be suitable for determining the transition from homogeneous flow to nonhomogeneous flow. The influence of capillary geometry, capillary hydraulic diameter, and fluid properties on bubble rise velocity (Vb) were investigated and determined to be of little significance. Furthermore, a new and simplified correlation for predicting Vb and, by implication, the gas holdup (∈G) was proposed. Liquid slug lengths were also experimentally studied, using a correlation that was developed to estimate them. Pressure drop experiments were also performed, and the peculiar phenomenon of negative frictional pressure drops was observed at very low liquid velocities. By defining a new dimensionless quantitysthe pressure factor, FE-a flow-regime-dependent method for estimating the total pressure drop in two-phase vertical capillary flows was developed.

This paper presents new experimental results on the separation of an o-dichlorobenzene/p-dichlorobenzene mixture in a continuous moving crystal bed crystallization column under the top-fed operation mode. Local concentration distributions of the binary eutectic mixture were investigated as a function of the feed composition, reflux ratio, crystal bed height, and internal stirring speed. It is demonstrated that the key factor that is decisive to the separation capability of column crystallization is the reflux ratio. The experiments showed that product purities can easily exceed 99.0% over a wide range of feed compositions, 68-94 wt%, reflux ratios, 1.0-4.7, and crystal bed heights, 200-900 mm within a column of 50 cm i.d.

利用动力学Monte Carlo(KMC)模拟方法计算了苯在Y沸石中扩散的自扩散系数，并考察了3种不同w-w位间跳跃扩散机制下的自扩散系数及其对温度和浓度的依赖关系。实验测量结果表明，苯在Y沸石中的长程运动主要是经SⅡ-W-SⅡ笼间的跳跃，基本不发生w-w之间的跳跃。相应得到的自扩散系数对温度的依赖关系较接近实验值；自扩散系数浓度依赖变化趋势为：先随覆盖量的增加而减小，到覆盖量大于 s位的饱和覆盖量 (每个超笼中4个分子)后，则随覆盖量增加先增后减，但也不会大于零覆盖量时扩散系数值，该情形与考虑 w-w之间跳跃时完全不同。此外，模拟结果表明，使用正确的跳跃机制是 KMC方法能正确模拟客体分子在沸石内扩散行为的关键。

基于对滴流床中气液两相流动特征尺度的分析，提出以修正的相摩擦系数对相Reynolds数进行关联，获取低、高压滴流床中压降和持液量计算的统一关联式的方法。对于滴流床中单相不饱和流（液体流动，气体静止）情形，以及低压和高压滴流床中两相流、高气液作用情形，收集了文献报道的不同大小颗粒、不同物系的大量实验数据，以相摩擦系数对相Reynolds数进行关联，得到新的压降和持液量计算式，其物理意义明确，计算精度得以提高。

基于描述多孔介质中表面扩散的 Maxwell-Stefan(M-S)方程，结合本文动力学Monte Carlo(KMC)模拟及文献中分子动力学(MD)模拟数据，提出了MFI沸石中M-S扩散系数与覆盖率依赖关系的新表达式。该关系式考虑了分子间相互作用以及饱和吸附覆盖量对扩散系数与覆盖率依赖关系的影响，用于预测强受限组分CF4、 弱受限组分CH4 以及中度受限组分Xe等7种单组分在 MFI沸石中的 M-S扩散系数时，结果较现有其他关系式更为合理。

采用多分辨分析方法研究了浆态床中压力脉动时序信号的定量特征，借以从这类信号中提取气泡运动参数—气含率。具体做法是：确定压力脉动信号功率谱图上的主频，同时通过小波变换将压力脉动信号分解成不同分辨率下的低频和高频信号，据此确定对应主频的小波主尺度，并对该尺度上的信号的间歇行为以局部间歇性值（local intermittency measure, LIM）定量表征；选取合适的阈值后，对LIM二值化可得床层中的局部气含率。与压降法测得的平均气含率值比较表明，根据 LIM 分析方法计算得到的气含率与压降法实测气含率相一致，这也表明反应器内气泡的发生是导致浆态床压力脉动的主要因素。 本文提出的方法提供了一种适用于高温、高压场合下测取床层气含率的简便、实用方法。

以VPO催化剂上正丁烷选择氧化制顺酐为例，对以变价金属复合氧化物为催化剂、按照氧化-还原机理进行的一大类烃类选择氧化反应催化循环的温度匹配问题进行了初步模拟。结果表明，使烃类选择氧化（催化剂被还原）和催化剂氧化再生分开进行，特别是根据催化剂氧化再生动力学的要求，适当调节再生过程的温度，既能明显改善反应系统的性能，又可以大幅度降低催化剂固体颗粒的循环量，取得节能降耗的效果，本文介绍模型的建立和求解方法。