Crosslinked sodium polyacrylate as a superabsorbent was prepared by inverse suspension polymerization with cyclohexane as the continuous phase and sorbite anhydride monostearic acid ester (span-80) as the dispersant. The crosslinking degree was regulated by NaOH. The distilled water absorbency (WA) of the polymer gel was about 700 times its own weight if the gel was allowed to swell at roomtemperature for 24 h. WA under various conditions, such as varying pH, temperature, reaction time, neutralization, and cyclohexane concentration, was investigated and optimized. Our results revealed that the optimal reaction conditions were 55

Crosslinked sodium polyacrylate was prepared by solution polymerization with N,N-methylene-bisacrylamide (bisAM) as crosslinking agent; it was subsequently surface-crosslinked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and then was modified with inorganic salt to obtain a superabsorbent with water absorbency in 0.9 wt % NaCl aqueous solution at atmosphere and applied pressure (P≈2×103Pa) of 55 and 20 g.g-1, respectively. Moreover, it also had excellent hydrogel strength. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, neutralization degree (ND) of acrylic acid, amount of initiator, crosslinking agent, and surface-crosslinking agent, mass ratio of inorganic salt to initial superabsorbent, molar ratio of sodium aluminate (NaAlO2) to potassium dihydrogen hyphosphate (KH2PO4) on water absorbency (WA) in 0.9wt % NaCl aqueous, and the hydrogel modulus were investigated and optimized.

The complexation between poly (N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in aqueous solution was studied by viscometric, potentiometric, and fluorescence techniques. It was found that an interpolymer complex formed between the two polymers through hydrogen bonding interactions with the stoichiometry of r=0.6 (r is unit molar ratio of PAA/PDEA), and the complex formation show the dependence on pH values. The phase behaviour studies showed that the lower critical solution temperature of the PDEA-PAA aqueous solution gradually increased with the increasing of r from 0.01 to 0.15, until a soluble system in the whole temperature region was obtained, which remained in the range of r=0.15-0.3. At higher PAA concentrations, when r is above 0.3, the system appeared phase separation, and almost no temperature dependence was observed. Based on these conclusion and structure characteristics of PDEA and PAA, a model containing only short sequences of monomer residues was proposed for the structure of PDEA–PAA complex.

A superabsorbent polymer with slow-release phosphate fertilizer was prepared by esterification of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4), which was a slow-release fertilizer at the same time. The product's water absorbency (WA) was about 480 times its own weight if it was allowed to swell in distilled water at room temperature for 24 h. WA under various conditions, such as varying the reaction time, the amount of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), the reaction temperature, and the concentration of phosphoric acid ([H3PO4]), were investigated and optimized. The optimal sample of the product was characterized by FTIR and elemental analysis. The results showed that phosphoric groups had grafted on PVA molecule chains, and the content of P2O5 in the product was 31.2%. The water retention property and phosphate slow-release mechanism of the product were studied as well.

The intrachain and interchain hydrogen bonding of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between PNIPA chains and the solvent molecules in the mixed solvent of methanol and water have been quantitatively investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at 25℃ In this spectroscopic system with curve fitting program, we found that in the C-H stretching region, both the N-isopropyl group and the backbone underwent conformational change upon the solvent composition. An analysis of the amide I band suggested that the amide groups of PNIPA were mainly involved in intermolecular hydrogen bonding with water molecules, and the polymer chains were flexible and disordered in the mixed solvent when the methanol volume fraction (Xv) was lower than 15%. While vv was in the range of 15-65%, about 30% of these intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the polymer and water were replaced by intrachain and interchain hydrogen bonding, consequently, PNIPA shrinked as aggregates. If Xv was above 65%, the interchain hydrogen bonding became predominant due to the solubility characteristics of amphiphilic methanol, and the PNIPA system was homogeneous solution again. We believe that the reentrant transition is related to the weaker interaction between PNIPA molecules and methanol–water complexes, (H2O)m(CH3OH)n (m/n=5/1, 5/2, 5/3, 5/4, 5/5) as compared to that between PNIPA and free water or free methanol.

A series of pH-and temperature-responsive (N,N-diethylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) (DEAM-MAA) random copolymers were synthesized by free-radical copolymerization techniques, and their lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) at different pH values and their critical phase-transition pH values at different temperatures were determined by transmittance measurements, respectively. The LCSTs of DEAM-MAA copolymers depend on the MAA content in the copolymers and are significantly affected by the pH of the aqueous solution. Similarly, the critical phase-transition pH values also depend on the MAA content of the DEAM-MAA copolymers and are significantly affected by the temperature of the aqueous solution. The LCST of DEAM-MAA copolymers increases with an increase in the MAA content. The critical phase-transition pH increases with increasing MAA content in the copolymer and also increases with increasing aqueous solution temperature.

A graft copolymer of oleic acid (OA) onto low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was prepared using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as an initiator in the molten state. The grafting was carried out in a Haake rheometer. The effects of the reaction time and the amount of DCP and the monomer on the percentage of grafting were studied. The rheological behavior and the melt-flow rate of the graft copolymer (LDPE-g-OA) were also investigated. FTIR spectroscopy and a mass spectrum were used to characterize the structure of LDPE-g-OA. The experimental results showed that when the OA amount was 10 wt % and the DCP amount was 0.4 wt % based on the LDPE the percentage of grafting of LDPE-g-OA, prepared by maintaining the temperature at 170

A hydrogel, with water content more than 97.0 wt%, was prepared through crosslinking sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) with AlCl3, The effects of amount of crosslinker, water, Na-CMC and the reaction temperature on modulus and biodegradation of the hydrogel were investigated and optimized. At the same time, the factors of amount of antiseptic, nutriments and different soils on the biodegradation of the hydrogel were also discussed in detail. The results showed that the hydrogel had better biodegradation and strength when the mass ratio of crosslinker to Na-CMC was 0.13 at room temperature. The degradation rate of the hydrogel was enhanced by addition of nutrient element especially by addition of urea. The results of biodegradation in different soils showed sand soil is favorable to degradation of the hydrogel.