There were 6 target DNA fragments of the three parental strains existing in the cell of genetically engineered microorganism strain (GEMs) Fhhh measured in this research by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). And Fhhh was a fusant GEMs of the three parental strains Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the native bacterium YZ1, and they have the 6 target DNA fragments of mnp1, mnp2、lip1、lip2,FLO1 and 16SrDNA respectively. The results showed that Fhhh contained the total 6 target DNA fragments with the molecular genetic stability. Meanwhile the PCR productions of the three parental strains only had their target DNA fragments individually and were different from each other. It may illustrate that the technique of the inter-kingdom protoplast fusion through the process of intercellular gene recombination can be used as a reliable bioengineering technique to construct the specific stain for the pollution control.

Ebis is the intelligent environmental biotechnological informatics software developed for judging the effectiveness of the microorganism strain in the industrial wastewater treatment system (IWTS) at the optimal status. The parameter, as the objective function for the judgment, is the minimum reactor volume (Vmin) calculated by Ebis. The rationality and the universality of Ebis were demonstrated in the domestic sewage treatment system (DSTS) with the data published in USA and China. Fhhh strain's potential for treating the purified terephthalic acid (PTA) has been proved in this research. It suggests that Ebis would be useful and universal for predicating the technique effectiveness in both DSTS and IWTS.

In the pilot study of treating the purified terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater with the functional strain Fhhh in the carrier activated sludge process (CASP), the ratio of COD: TN: TP and the concentrations of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn were controlled to improve the manganese peroxidase (MnP) levels for increasing the treatment efficiency. When the ratio of COD:TN:TP was 100: 0.36: 0.15 and the concentrations of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn were 0.54, 5.07, 0.00 and 0.08mg/L, the MnP specific activity (MnP-SA) reached 689 U/L, and the sludge loading rate to COD (SLRC) was 1.09 d-1, which was 4-7fold of that in other processes reported. The data indicates that improving MnP level could enhance the degradability of Fhhh. And the potentials of Fhhh and CASP will be also discussed in this paper.

An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was evaluated for monitoring microbial degradation of electronic packaging polyimides. The microbial inoculum was a mixed culture of fungi isolated previously from deteriorated polyimides. The active fungal consortium comprised Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and a Chaetomium species. After inoculation, fungal growth on the polyimides resulted in distinctive EIS spectra indicative of polymer insulation failure, which directly related to polymer integrity. Degradation appeared to occur in a number of steps and two distinctive stages in the decline of film resistance were observed in the inoculated EIS cells within the 2 and 10 weeks after inoculation. The early stage of resistance decrease may be related to the ingress of water molecules and ionic species into the polymeric materials, whereas the second stage probably resulted from partial degradation of the polymers by fungal growth on the polymer film. The relationship between changes of impedance spectra and microbial degradation of the polymer was further supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of fungi growing on the surface of the inoculated polyimides. Our data indicate that the EIS can be used in detection of early degradation of resistant polymers and polyimides that are susceptible to biodeterioration.

The fungi Phanerochaete chrysospori um (PC) and S accharomyces cerevisiae Y99 and the native bacterium YZ1 were the three parental strains for construction of hybrid cells through protoplast fusion to degrade terephthalic acid (TPA) wastewater. The results showed that the native bacterium YZ1 rotoplasm could integrate with that of PC to form the hybrid cell Fhh and the fungus Y99 protoplasm also could integrate with that of Fhh to form the hybrid cell Fhhh. The protoplasts of YZ1 and Y99 could change the morphology of PC spore and mycelium for two times. The hybrid cell Fhhh got the best growth and degradation abilities in the wastewater. It suggested that the hybrid strains obtained from the inter2kingdom protoplast fusion of the three parental strains could create potential for the purification of TPA wastewater.

The biodegradation and toxicity of the purified terephthalic acid (PTA) processing wastewater researched was at NJYZ pilot with the fusant strain Fhhh in the carrier activated sludge process (CASP). Sludge loading rate (SLR) for Fhhh to COD of the wastewater was 1.09d-1 and to PTA in the wastewater was 0.29d-1. The results of bioassay at the pilot and calculation with software Ebis3 showed that the 48h-LC50 to Daphnia magna for the PTA concentration in the wastewater was only 1/10 of that for the pure chemical PTA. There were 5 kinds of benzoate Pollutants and their toxicities existing in the wastewater at least. The toxicity parameter value of the pure chemical PTA cannot be used to predicate the PTA wastewater toxicity. The toxicity of the NJYZ PTA wastewater will be discussed in detail in this paper.

The optimal pH and temperature, maximum specific degradation rate, half rate constant and flocculation rate for the hybrid cell Foaz were measured in the reaction for the degradation of soybean processing wastewater (SPW) in this study. The optimal pH and temperature for Foaz in SPW were the same as those of its parental strains S accharomyces cerevisiae Y9407 and Rhodobacter sphaeroi des P9479, but the flocculation rate, the maximum specific degradation rate and the half rate constant for Foaz were higher than those of its parental strains. The results suggest that the characteristics of the inter2kingdom fusant Foaz constructed from the protoplast fusion between the eukaryote cell yeast S. cerevisiae and the prokaryote cell photosynthetic bacteria R. sphaeroi des may favor degrading organic pollutant in SPW and removing biomass from the effluent.

The fundamental differentiation of toxicity is between reactive and nonreactive toxicity. Reactive toxicity is associated with a specific mechanism for the reaction with an enzyme or inhibition of a metabolic pathway, and nonreactive toxicity is related directly to the quantity of toxicant acting upon the cell. The quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) have been successfully used in the nonreactive toxicity, such as prediction of the toxicity of nonreactive compounds based on their solubility in the lipids of organisms (Mackay 1988; Yoshioka et al. 1986). The elements of molecular structure that are most closely related to nonreactive toxicity are those that describe the partitioning of the toxicant into the organism (Blume and Speece 1990), while QSARs for the reactive toxicity are less common in the environmental toxicology literature. With the recent increase in the use of synthetic substituted benzenes as industrial chemicals, the accurate analysis of the effect of reactive toxic chemicals has become recognized with QSAR (Nendza et al. 1988). For this purpose, we selected the fish (Carassias auratus) as the test organism, measured the acute toxicity of 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of the chemicals and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of the liver cells for the organism. These determined the relationships of the acute toxicity of some substituted benzenes with their physicochemical structural parameters. The effects on the ATP content was also compared to predict biological reactivities of the chemicals, so as to find some clues to explain the mode of mechanism of the toxicity.