A strain of Streptosporangium with an unusual phospholipid pattern was isolated from Yunnan Province, a region in China. The isolate, designated CY-7113T, was identified by morphological and physiological properties, cell chemistry, genomic DNA GMC content, DNA–DNA hybridization and phylogenetic analysis. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, DNA–DNA hybridization, phenotypic characteristics and its unusual phospholipid pattern, it was concluded that strain CY-7113T belongs to a novel Streptosporangium species, for which the name Streptosporangium subroseum sp. nov. is proposed. Strain CY-7113T (=CCTCC 97008T=CRC 16302T) is the type strain.

By using baiting techniques and different purification methods, a high number of myxobacterial strains have been isolated as pure cultures from soil of different regions of China. Because myxobacterial cells do not disperse easily in liquid media, a medium containing an enzymatic hydrolysate of casein (CEH) medium have been used for purification and purity tests combined in a single step. The key method, in which isolates are reintroduced to sterile rabbit dung to induce fruiting bodies formation, facilitates purification of myxobacteria. Sterile rabbit dung pellets are used to mimic the natural growth substance of these organisms which has the advantage that characteristic fruiting bodies emerge, which is a key characteristics in the taxonomy of myxobacteria. In this study, the optimum program of isolation and purification of some myxobacteria strains has been established which will facilitate screening programs. Moreover, the development of fruiting body formation of strain BD20 (Chondromyces) and strain BD54 (Cystobacter) have been recorded in this study.

A catalase-negative actinomycete, strain YIM 21741T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a primeval forest at Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. Analysis of 16S rDNA showed the strain to be related to members of the genus Agromyces, with which it also shares morphological characteristics, e.g. branching hyphae breaking into diphtheroid and rod-like, irregular, non-motile fragments and a peptidoglycan containing the diagnostic amino acid 2,4-diamino-n-butyric acid. Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain YIM 21741T contained rhamnose and small quantities of glucose, galactose and mannose. The major menaquinone was MK-12, while MK-13 and MK-12 were minor components. Diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The G+C content of the DNA was 72

A psychrotolerant actinomycete, strain YIM6T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Beijiang in Xinjiang Province, China. Both vegetative and aerial hyphae grew well on various media after 4 weeks. Long spore chains, borne on the aerial mycelium, were straight to flexuous or occasionally Retinaculiaperti and non-motile. The novel isolate grew well at between 8 and 20℃; the lower and upper temperature limits for growth were 0 and 32℃. The cell wall of strain YIM6T contained LL-diaminopimelic acid (A2pm) and traces of meso-A2pm. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mainly glucose and small amounts of xylose, galactose and arabinose. The predominant menaquinones were MK9(H6) and MK-9(H8) and phosphatidylethanolamine was the diagnostic phospholipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were 15∶0 anteiso, 16∶0 iso and 17∶0 cyclo. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain YIM6T belongs to the genus Streptomyces. In its morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence, strain YIM6T differed from other members of Streptomyces. Thus, strain YIM6T (=CCTCC 99005T=AS 4.1718T= DSM 41794T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Streptomyces beijiangensis sp. nov.

Actinomycete strain YIM 90002T (=CCTCC 99003T=CCRC 16284T) was isolated from a soil sample collected from a salt lake in the west of China. The aerial mycelium of this organism is well developed but not fragmented and, at maturity, forms short chains of spores. Spores in short chains are oval-to rodshaped and have wrinkled surfaces. Substrate mycelium is branched with nonfragmenting hyphae and forms single oval to round spores borne on sporophores or dichotomously branching sporophores. Single spores have wrinkled surfaces. Single spores and spores in short chains are non-motile. Strain YIM 90002T contains meso-diaminopimelic acid, DD-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, lysine and aspartic acid in its cell wall and has glucose, galactose, ribose, xylose, arabinose and mannose as whole-cell sugars (no diagnostic sugars). The phospholipids are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major menaquinones are MK-9(H6), MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4). Phylogenetic data indicate that this strain belongs to the family Nocardiopsaceae. The morphological and physiological characteristics and chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data for this strain differ from those of previously described actinomycetes. Therefore, a new genus, Streptimonospora, is proposed for this organism; the type species of the genus is Streptimonospora salina gen. nov., sp. nov., and the type strain of S. salina is strain YIM 90002T.

A halophilic actinomycete, strain YIM 90003T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Xinjiang Province, China, by using starch-casein agar with a salt concentration of 20% (w/v), pH 7·0. The strain grew well on most media tested. No diffusible pigment was produced. Aerial mycelium and substrate mycelium were well developed on most media. The aerial mycelium formed short spore chains, bearing non-motile, straight to flexuous spores with wrinkled surfaces. The cell walls of strain YIM 90003T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. Cell-wall hydrolysates contained galactose and arabinose. Menaquinone composition varied with the medium used for cell cultivation; on glucose-yeast extract medium supplemented with 10% NaCl, the major menaquinone was MK-9(H4), while, on vitamin-enriched ISP 2 medium, the major menaquinones were MK-10(H2), MK-9(H8) and MK-10(H4). Phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidyl glycerol, methylphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified phospholipid. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed Streptomonospora salina as the closest phylogenetic neighbour. On the basis of these analyses, strain YIM 90003T is a member of the genus Streptomonospora, though its properties do not match the generic description fully with respect to the menaquinone composition and peptidoglycan amino acid. Analyses of mechanically disrupted cell walls of the type species, Streptomonospora salina DSM 44593T, and strain YIM 90003T, purified by tryptic digestion and subsequent SDS treatment, revealed the exclusive presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of peptidoglycan. Thus, the genus description of Streptomonospora, indicating the presence of several amino acids usually not found in the peptidoglycan moiety, is therefore emended. DNA–DNA hybridization and comparison of physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics demonstrated strain YIM 90003T to be different from Streptomonospora salina. The name Streptomonospora alba sp. nov. is proposed, with strain YIM 90003T (=CCTCC AA001013T=DSM 44588T) as the type strain.

14 strains of Actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples collected in Yunnan, China Experiments showed that they had activity of herbicide. In this paper, the morphological and chemotaxonomic characters of these strains were studied and they were identified as three genera of Actinomycetales respecitively, such as Streptomyces. Nficromonospora and Nocardia.

用16SrRNA部分序列对Williams 数值分类系统所包含的链霉菌属种或种群进行系统进化分析。以包含16SrRNA 基因V-2高变区在内的120bp长核苷酸序列所作的系统进化树表明：这些链霉菌可分为34个簇，其中大簇5个（包括27～85株菌株）；中等大小簇3个（包括9～12株菌）；小簇8个（包括2～6株菌）；单成员簇19个。结果同时表明，Williams 数值分类系统中根据形态、生理、生化特征进行归类而得的种或种群内存在较大异质性。

通过对河北、云南、青藏高原不同地区的粘细菌进行生态多样性研究，从42 个样品中分离得到了10个属（A rchangium、Myxococcus、Cystobacter、Corallococcus、Melittangium、Sorangium、Polyangium、Chondromyces、Angiococcus、Stigmatella） 的150余株粘细菌，其中包括一些尚未有描述的菌株，有待鉴定。根据这些菌株的子实体结构、菌落形态、营养细胞、粘孢子形态等特征将它们初步鉴定到属。对这些特有自然生态环境的粘细菌按不同地点、植被、营养基质进行统计比较，结果表明粘细菌生态分布极为广泛，具有丰富的生态多样性。以上结果为粘细菌生物资源的有效开发利用奠定了基础。

从云南地区土壤中分离到一株具有除莠活性的放线菌（Actinomycetes），对其产生的活性物质进行了分离、纯化及分析。从该菌株的发酵液中获得了有除莠活性的黄色结晶，薄板层析的结果表明，该结晶为多组分混和物，且每一组分均具有除莠活性。通过红外分析对其组分作了初步鉴定。同时对该菌株进行了形态、化学及系统发育学研究，根据16S rDNA 全序列构建了系统发育树，结果表明此菌株应属于链霉菌属（Streptomyces），同时具有耐低温和耐盐的特性。