对鼠耳蝠属两种蝙蝠飞行状态下的声发射进行了比较研究。结果表明：两种鼠耳蝠声发射信号的声谱图都呈调频（FM）型，但在波形及频率范围上有明显差异。大鼠耳蝠（四川亚种）的声脉冲宽度很小（1.6±0.3ms），能率环较低（4.0%），其主频率（DF=44.6±4.3kHz）也较低；而水鼠耳蝠的声脉冲宽度较大（4.2±1.6ms），能率环(9.6%)及主频率（DF=83.0±4.0kHz）也较高。文中结合两种蝙蝠的形态及食性分析了回声定位对捕食生境及捕食策略的适应性。

为研究角菊头蝠（Rhinolophus cornutus）、三叶蹄蝠（Aselliscus wheeleri）、大蹄蝠（Hipposideros armiger）、大鼠耳蝠（Myotis myotis）和大足鼠耳蝠（M. ricketti）的形态和回声定位叫声的性别差异性，明确同种蝙蝠雌雄个体对食物、栖息地等资源利用的细微差异。我们利用超声波探测仪、Batsound分析软件及SPSS11.0统计软件对5种95只蝙蝠进行了录音、声波分析和统计分析。5种蝙蝠形态性别差异性不显著，角菊头蝠、三叶蹄蝠、大蹄蝠和大足鼠耳蝠叫声频率性别差异性显著，大鼠耳蝠叫声频率性别差异性不显著。角菊头蝠雌性叫声的基频、分音、主频率高于雄性，声脉冲时间、间隔时间大于雄性，调频（FM）带宽小于雄性；三叶蹄蝠、大蹄蝠叫声的基频、主频率雄性高于雌性，调频带宽雌性小于雄性；大足鼠耳蝠叫声的主频率雄性高于雌性，FM带宽雌性大于雄性[动物学报 49（6）：742～747,2003]。

Phylogenetic relations among five species of Hipposideridae and seven species of Rhinolophidae including one endemic species (Rhinolophus rex) were examined by partially sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (528 bp). Analyses of the cytochrome b sequences of Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae suggest that each formed a monophyletic group. All phylogenetic analyses indicate that Aselliscus should remain as a genus within Hipposideridae, with the mean percentage sequence differences (16.43%) and transition: transversion ratios (2.032) between Aselliscus and Hipposideros. Within Hipposideros, H. armiger shows close affinity to H. larvatus although it possesses superficial similarity morphological characters to H. pratti. Genetic distance values suggest that H. larvatus and H. armiger diverged from each other approximately 1.7-4.3 million years ago, and H. pratti diverged from the larvatus-armiger clade approximately 2.1-5.2 million years ago.

研究普氏蹄蝠（Hipposideros pratti）不同状态（飞行、悬挂）下的回声定位声波特征、形态特征和生态特征（捕食策略、捕食地和食物类型）。结果表明，普氏蹄蝠的回声定位声波为CF-FM型，在不同状态下，主频率有一定的差异，飞行状态的主频率略低于悬挂状态，表明普氏蹄蝠是利用多谱勒补偿效应来适应飞行速度引起的主频率变化，以进行准确的定位和有效的捕食；同时飞行状态下声脉冲时间、声脉冲间隔时间及FM带宽略低于悬挂状态，而声脉冲重复率和能率环略高于悬挂状态，表明普氏蹄蝠在不同状态下利用不同特征的声波进行捕食。由回声定位声波推断和野外观察可知，普氏蹄蝠可能在树冠周围以盘旋方式（在昆虫高峰期）或以捕蝇器式（在昆虫高峰期之后）捕食中等偏大的振翅昆虫（如甲虫）

The correlation between echolocation sound and morphological features of 18 species of bats, which are subordinated to 3 families including rhinolophidae, hipposideridae and vespertilionidae is studied. Pearson's correlation and regression analysis are adopted to analyze the correlations between noseleaf width (NW) and forearm length (FAL), NW and dominant frequency (DF), FAL and DF. The results show a positive correlation between NW and FAL and a negative correlation between NW and DF in Rhinolophidae. In each family, there is a negative correlation between FAL and DF. Some species have a higher or lower frequency than predicted one according to their body size. There are significant differences of the regression equation of FAL and DF among the three families. For the bats with the same body size, the order in frequency is: hipposiderid bats> rhinolophid bats)" vespertilionid bats. The mechanism of interrelation-ship between FAL and DF of bats, the reason why these deviations occur in correlativity of the three families and the mechanism of the in- teraction between morphological, physiological and ecological characteristics are discussed.

普通长翼蝠福建亚种为中国的地方性亚种。采用超声波监听仪和Bat sound 3.10软件对其回声定位声波进行录制和分析，发现回声定位声波为中等长度的ＦＭ型，伴有1～2个谐波，声波主频率为49.35±4.24kHz，一次完整声波的声脉冲时间为3.46±1.63ms，两次声波间的声脉冲间隔为96.09±33.84ms。分析表明，普通长翼蝠福建亚种在飞行和手持状态下的回声定位声波声脉冲时间均小于其悬挂状态，飞行状态下声脉冲间隔时间是各种状态中较小的，而飞行状态下回声定位声波的主频率则为所有状态中最高的，说明蝙蝠在飞行中要面临复杂的环境，辨别较多的障碍物，因此利用高频率声波进行回声定位，才能实现灵活复杂的飞行。

Echolocation calls of Myoti$ frater emitted during the search phase consist of brief frequency-modulated pulses. The sound signals are comprised of three harmonics of which the first one is of the highest intensity and occurs in all echolocation calls. The frequency of this fundamental harmonic ranges from 110.8 to 50.2kHz, and its duration is about 3.5ms. The second and the third harmonics are relatively weak, occurring in 50.0% and 25.0% of echolocation calls respectively, with frequencies ranging from 138.4 to 116.6 kHz for the second harmonic and from 193.6 to 170.8kHz for the third harmonic. We presume that, according to the echolocation call features, Myotis frater probably forages the insects on the ground of complex environments.

皮氏菊头蝠（Rhinolophus pearsoni）雌性成体5只和幼体2只采自贵州省贞丰县珉谷镇。采用超声波探测仪（D980, ULTRASOUND DETECTOR）接收皮氏菊头蝠的回声定位声波，转换到原频率的1/10后导入计算机，然后用专业声谱分析软件（Batsound 3110）进行分析。成蝠在飞行和悬挂状态下的声波结构相似，只是声波各项参数值略有不同：它们发射FM2CF2FM型声波，具有2～3个谐波，主频率在飞行时为56180±0162kHz，悬挂时为58105±0124kHz；声脉冲时间和间隔在飞行时分别为34162±5129ms和86150±19172ms，悬挂时分别为41108±5187ms和117129±66144ms；能率环飞行时为（44106±12158）%，悬挂时为（46100±24125）%。幼蝠声波为CF2FM型，谐波数为5～8个，主频率明显低于成体，FM带宽窄于成体，声脉冲时间和间隔短于成体，能率环低于成体。皮氏菊头蝠回声定位声波与年龄有关，这可能因成体的声波主要是探测食物和周围环境的详细信息，而幼体主要是与母蝠进行交流。