Air-decking is used in mining for two quite different applications. One is to enhance the fragmentation by amplifying the induced fracturing and the second is for pre-split blasting in which the borehole fracturing is reduced. This paper deals with the first of these effects. A forth coming paper will describe pre-splitting by air-decking. The use of air decks to enhance rock fragmentation and so to reduce explosive costs has become common for quite long time. Although a number of studies has been conducted to verify the advantages of blasting with air decks and to investigate the mechanisms involved, the proposed mechanisms still cannot explain clearly the phenomena observed in practice and the design approach adopted for this kind of blasting is still primary based on rules-of-thumb. In this paper, the theory of shock tubes is adopted to (a) investigate the processes of the expanding detonation products, (b) study the interactions between the explosion products and the stemming or bottom of blast hole, and (c) to decide the distribution of the changing pressure of explosion products along blast hole. Numerical simulation and theoretical analyses are then performed to study the physical process of blasting with air decks. Finally, a reasonable value for the air-decking ratio is decided theoretically. It is shown that the pressure-unloading process caused by the propagation of the rarefaction wave and the reflected rarefaction waves in the detonation products plays an important role in the enhanced fragmentation of rock when blasting with air decks. The unloading process can induce tensile stresses of rather high magnitude in rock mass surrounding blast hole. This favors fracturing of the rock. The reflected shock wave with a magnitude of gas pressure higher than that of the average detonation pressure in a fully charged blast hole acts as the main energy source to break the rock in the air deck and stemming portions. The second and succeeding strain waves induced by the unloading or reloading of the pressure within blast hole also contribute to form the initial fracture network in the rock around the blast hole. It is also revealed that there exists a reasonable range of values for the air-decking ratio. For ANFO, this value varies from 0.13-0.40.

通过分析不同爆心距处典型单孔爆震实测波形，提出了确定爆破地震波中P波、S波及Rayleigh波在岩体中传播时的衰减参数的方法。

坝基邻近爆破开挖诱发的爆破振动对灌浆帷幕具有不利的影响，目前普遍采用质点峰值振动速度这一经验 判据对爆破振动进行控制，而理论研究尚开展得不多。设法运用应力波理论来研究爆炸应力波与灌浆帷幕的相互 作用过程，通过灌浆帷幕与岩石界面间结合强度的破坏分析，从理论上探讨灌浆帷幕处的安全质点峰值振动速度。

根据三峡工程临时船闸与升船机岩体开挖过程中的施工期安全监测的实践，对与围岩爆破损伤影响范围有关的岩石基础开挖中的合理爆破方式与程序选择、岩质高边坡及中隔墩的爆破振动控制等几个与爆破开挖相关的主要司题作了概括性的介绍，文中同时对一些值得进一步研究的司题作了讨论。

主要介绍了三峡工程岩石基础开挖过程中爆破震动控制安全标准及爆破震动监测的主要成果并针对采用的爆破震动控制安全标准在实践中遇到的一些重要司题作了进一步讨论。

根据确定岩石爆破中爆源近区的质点峰值震动速度衰减规律的波动方法，导出了岩石爆破中岩体损伤范围的计算 式。结合岩体爆破损伤的质点峰值震动速度安全判据，就龙滩水电站右岸导流洞爆破开挖工程中岩体损伤范围进行了计算，并对理论计算结果与围岩损伤范围的声波法检测结果进行了对比与分析。

通过应力波与由节理刚度系数描述的预裂缝的相互作用分析，考虑预裂缝在爆炸应力波作用下的闭合效应及预裂缝充水等条件下，研究了预裂缝的隔震机制与隔震效果，从而为岩石开挖过程中周边控制爆破方式的优选提供了理论依据。

基于柱面波理论、长柱状装药中的子波理论以及短柱状药包馓发的应力波场Heelan解的分析推导了岩石爆破中质点峰值振动速度衰减公式，并用室内外试验资料和数值模拟结果初步验证了该公式的有效性。与传统的质点峰值振动速度衰减公式相比，本文推导的公式更具理论基础，并可反映诸如炸药种类、炸药特性、钻孔孔径、装药结构及岩性参数等因素对质点峰值振动速度的综合影响。

在考虑动荷载效应、微裂隙影响骨、料粒径效应等因素对混凝土极限拉应变影响的条件下，提出了全级配混凝土容许拉应变计算公式。在此基础上，结合早期混凝土力学性能及拉应变增长规律，推算了新浇大坝基础混凝土7d内的爆破安全峰值震动速度。与水工建筑物岩石基础开挖工程施工技术规范比较，发现现行规范规定的龄期超过1d的新浇筑混凝土的容许质点峰值震动速度偏于安全而龄期小于1d的容许质点峰值震动速度则较理论推算值大，可能会引起工程质量事故。