如何制造大型原型零件是目前快速成形技术（RP）研究的热点之一。分层实体制造工艺（LOM）在直接制造大型原型方面具有独特的优势。造型周期长是制造大型原型的困难之一，针对LOM工艺提出了动态分区并行扫描成形的方法。分析和试验结果表明，采用该方法可以有效提高成形效率，是实现直接制造大型原型的可行途径之一。

This paper introduces a new subject called bio-manufacturing. Bio-manufacturing comoines life science with manufacturing science, and uses manufacturing method to form materials with bio-activib/and bio- degradability into scaffolds. In this paper, we discuss the hierarchy of bio-manufacturing: the lower grade uses undegradabte bio-material to form permanent organ replacement such as auricular cartilage and the higher grade uses biodegradable bio-materials to repair organ damage or organ replacement which degrades after embedded in the human body. They all adopt jetting/extrusion deposition process (fused deposition modelling or 3D printer), the distinct different point being the temperature of the forming chamber. The samples of bones and auricular cartilage produced by those processes had been practiced on dogs and rabbits, repaired their damage.

The race to fabricate a product to market increases in speed, cost and quality, the drive for tooling lead times to decrease with low cost becomes more important. Rapid Tooling (RT) fabricated in Tsinghua university, uses metal plasma spraying process and rapid prototyping (RP) to form a metal tool. The process uses plasma spraying as the heat pool to melt metal powder and then deposit molten metal onto the substrate made from RP. It provides a quick, accurate, sample and relatively cost effective route for producing metal parts or tools, especially for large tools. The process and key technologies are analyzed and described in detail. Applications illustrate that the total costs for new products can be reduced by as much as 40～60% and lead times can be reduced 50～60%.

功能结构器件的加工过程要求实现多种材料组分的梯度分布和内部微结构的构造。通用的自顶而下、整体控制局部的制造方法有着很大的局限性。快速成形技术提出了离散-堆积的降维制造思想，在直写技术的辅助下，可以通过对材料的微单元操作，实现功能结构器件的堆积制造。

Weak focused laser beams can guide micrometre-sized beads to direct-write twodimensional patterns or three-dimensional structures. Applications based on laser guidance have been found in many fields including biological research areas. This paper discusses the effects of convection, which is the main disturbance during laser-guided transportation. The heat generated by optical absorption causes the convection flow, as observed in experiments. To investigate this convection flow, a finite element analysis (FEA) model was set up and computation under different heat load conditions was carried out. The results show that the convection flow velocity at the laser beam centre has a direct proportional relation to the incident power and varies with the position of the laser beam.

从信号处理角度来考察快速成形技术的成形过程，可以将快速成形设备理解为滤波器，在此基础上建立起一组滤波方程来表征快速成形工艺的成形过程。针对目前快速成形分层制造的特点，利用Haar小波函数间断性的特点，建立了基于小波分析的快速成形的数学模型。

To produce the metal die of an automobile deck part of high quality at low cost with a short cycle, a new method of manufacturing the die, based on rapid prototyping and rapid tooling, is proposed in tbis paper. First, the technological process of rapid processing (RP) technology and the large scale rapid processing and manfacture (RP&M) eqdipment SSM 1600 that is based on the innovative idea of concunent processing in a divided field are introducedi The SSM 1600 eqdipment supplies a gap in the field of making large prototypes. The technology of the unbaked ceramic mold casting process based on RP technology is also introducedi The method of 3D non linear coupled thermo mechanical FEM analysis is adopted to analyze the dimensional accuracy of the die of an automobile deck part during the casting solidification process. The simolation result can be used to modify the CAD modal to furtber improve the precision of the die. The system of manufacturing the die of an automobile deck part based on rapid prototyping has gained success by the verification of practical production.

The new technology of precise extrusion manufacturing (PEM) based on the layer-by-layer manufac-turing principle was proposed to fabricate porous poly (L-lactic acid) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The PEM system and the shaping process were analyzed. The manufactured scaffolds were evaluated as potential tissue regeneration scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.