静电纺丝即是高聚物熔体或溶液在外加电场作用下连续生成直径在亚微米级的超细纤维过程。文中扼要地介绍了静电法超细纤维的生产原理、设备、生产过程及近几年来国内外静电纺丝的各种产品(主要包括聚环氧乙烷、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚乙炔、聚苯胺、聚氯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等)；并指出了静电纺超细纤维新的应用领域(如过滤膜、复合材料增强体、防弹衣等)；最后对静电纺超细纤维未来的发展提出设想。

The polyacrylonitrile-methyl acrylate (AN/MA mole ratio 100/0-70/30) copolymers and copolymers (AN/MA mole ratio 85/15) containing up to 40wt% of microencapsulated n-octadecane (MicroPCMs) are synthesized in water. The MicroPCMs were incorporated at the step of polymerization. The effect of the MA mole ratio and MicroPCMs content on structures and properties of the copolymers were studied by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TG), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The feeding ratio agreed well with the composition of the AN/MA copolymers. The copolymers are synthesized in the presence of MicroPCMs. The melting point moves to lower temperature (206℃), while the decomposition temperature moves to higher temperature (309℃) with increasing of the MA mole ratio and microcapsules content. The number–average molecular weight of the copolymer is ~30,000. The crystallinity of the copolymer decreases with increasing of the MA mole ratio and microcapsules content.

采用水相沉淀法制备了舍有 0~30mol 丙烯酸甲酯(MA)的丙烯腈(AN)-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物。采用红外光谱 (FT-IR)、差热分析(DSC)、x射线衍射(XRD)、核磁共振(NMR)等方法时聚合产物进行了分析。聚合产物的组成比与投料比相近，随MA比例的增加，分解温度升高，玻璃化转变温度(Tg )降低。舍MA30mol的共聚物的分解温度为338.8 LC，而熔融温度任为188.8℃，由于第二单体MA 的加入。使得共聚物的熔点降低至分解温度之前，这为改性聚丙烯腈的无增塑熔融纺丝提供了可能性。

A series of microcapsulescontaining n-octadecane with a urea-melamine-formaldehyde copolymer shell were synthesized by insitu polymerization. The surface morphology, diameter, melting and crystallization properties, and thermal stability of the microcapsules were investigated by using FTIR, SEM, DSC, TGA and DTA. The diameters of the microcapsules are in the range of 0.2-5.6µm. The noctadecane contents in the micro-capsules are in the range of 65-78wt%. The mole ratio of urea-melamine has been found to have no effect on the melting temperature of the microcapsules. Two crystallization peaks on the DSC cooling curve have been observed. The thermal damage mechanisms are the lique-fied n-octadecane leaking from the microcapsule and breakage of the shell due to the mismatch of thermal expansion of the core and shell materials at high temperatures. The thermal stability of materials can be enhanced up to 10℃ by the copo-lymerization of urea, melamine and formaldehyde in a mole ratio 0.2:0.8:3. The thermal stability of 160℃ heat-treated microcapsules containing 8.8% cyclohexane can be further enhanced up to approxi-mately 37℃.

Acrylonitrile-Methyl methacrylate copolymer was synthesized in aqueous solution by Redox. The copolymer was mixed with 10-40wt% of microencapsulated n-octadecane (MicroPCMs) in water. Copolymer films containing MicroPCMs were cast at room temperature. The copolymer of acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate and the copolymer films containing MicroPCMs were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TG), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), etc. The microcapsules in the films are evenly distributed in the copolymer matrix. The heat-absorbing temperatures and heat-evolving temperatures of the films are almost the same as that of the MicroPCMs, respectively. The heat-absorbing temperatures increase slightly with the contents of MicroPCMs increasing. In addition, the enthalpy efficiency of MicroPCMs rises with the contents of MicroPCMs increasing. The crystallinity of the film increases with the contents of MicroPCMs increasing.