Nanometer materials include roughly nanoparticle, nanotube nanowire, nanoffiber, nanofilm and nanoblock, among which nanofiber is defined as material with nanometer-sized diameter and longer than 1 micron in length. The research development of polymer nanofibers, including manufacture methods and properties of some polymer nanofibers as well as their potential applications is reviewed.

The microcapsules comprising n-octadecane and nucleating agents encapsulated in melamine-formaldehyde resin shell with about 1µm in average diameter were prepared through in situ polymerization. The effects of nucleating agents, i.e. sodium chloride, 1-octadecnol and paraffin, on the crystallization properties, morphology and dispersibility of microcapsules were investigated using SEM, DSC and XRD. The super-cooling was prevented by adding about 6wt% sodium chloride to the emulsion, however, the microcapsules were worse dispersed and their surfaceswere rough. Adding approximately 9wt%1-octadecanol in corematerialwas found to preventmicrocapsules fromsuper-cooling, but the microcapsules were easily conglomerated and their surfaces were extraordinarily rough. Microcapsules with approximately 20wt% paraffin in core material were free from super-cooling, and paraffin had no influence on the morphology and dispersibility of microcapsules.

系统研究了不同结构的电气石微粉因其自发极性和表面吸附与盐酸、NaOH溶液作用对溶液 p H值、电导率的影响。用粒径分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、电子能谱仪、X 射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪分析不同产地电气石的粒径尺寸、化学成分、晶型结构及其作用原理。用碘量法测定电气石微粉与碱性溶液作用后溶液溶氧量的变化。结果表明：不同产地的电气石微粉由于结构不同产生性能上的差异，它们对溶液pH值、电导率和溶氧量的影响不同。在酸性条件下，内蒙古电气石微粉的作用效果最佳，溶液的pH值由3升至9 。在碱性条件下，河北电气石微粉作用效果最好，溶液pH值由 12降至10。电气石微粉可以大幅度提高水的溶氧量。溶液的溶氧量与电气石组分中氧元素的含量有关，氧元素含量越高，溶液中的溶氧量越大。

Thermo-regulated polyacrylonitrile-vinylidene chloride (PAN/VDC) fibers containing 4-40wt.% of micro phase-change materials (microPCMs) were wet-spun. In this study, fibers containing less than 30wt.% of microencapsulated n-octadecane were spun smoothly. The structures and properties of the fibers were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, etc. The microcapsules were intact and evenly distributed inside the polymer matrix. The tensile strengths of the fibers with titers in the range of 1.9 to 10.9 dtex were 0.7 to 2.0 cN/dtex. The elongation of the fibers was approximately 7%. The heat-absorbing and heat-evolving temperatures of the fibers increased slightly with the increase of the content of microPCMs. The enthalpy of melting or enthalpy of crystallization of the fiber containing 30 wt.% of microPCMs was approximately 30 J/g, and the enthalpy of melting or enthalpy of crystallization increased steadily as the content of microPCMs increased. The modulus of the fiber decreased with the increase in the amount of microPCMs in the fiber. The glass transition temperature of the fiber was 89-108

Microencapsulated n-octadecane was coated on the surface of cotton and cotton/polypropylene (60:40) knitted fabrics to produce thermo-regulated textiles. The structures, morphologies, phase change properties, heat flux, softness and smoothness were studied using SEM, DSC, Thermo Lab II and Smart Hand Tester, etc. It is observed that the microcapsules are inserted into the loops and adhered on the surface of fibre. The thermo-regulated knitted fabrics absorb and release 8-20J/g of heat energy at approximately 32℃ and 17℃ respectively. The thermal conductivity of the coated fabric is found to be higher than that of the untreated fabric; however, the difference is small. The measured maximum heat absorption rate of the coated fabric is also slightly higher than that of untreated fabric. The heat flux of the fabrics is contributed by three factors: namely cold textile touches the hot plate and absorbs heat; heat conducts from the hot plate to the cold plate; and phase change material absorbs heat when the fabric touches the hot plate. The heat flux of MicroPCMs coated fabric is significantly higher than that of the control. The softness and smoothness of the fabric decrease after coating; however, they get better after washing with water.