在我国境内塔尔巴哈台山下石炭统黑山头组泥岩、粉砂岩、凝灰岩和火山熔结角砾岩夹基性熔岩的底部识别出一套蛇绿混杂岩。火山角砾的角砾由蛇纹石化橄榄岩(蛇纹岩)、辉长岩、玄武质粗面安山岩、粗面岩和硅质岩组成。蛇绿混杂岩由蚀变辉长岩、蛇纹岩和硅质岩组成，橄榄岩虽然发生了强烈蛇纹岩化(现在为蛇纹岩)，但蛇纹岩中保留了斜方辉石和橄榄石的假象。覆盖在该蛇绿岩套之上的火山角砾岩属于爆发性很强的火山喷发产物。巨大的粗粒辉长岩、玄武质粗面岩、粗面岩、硅质岩和蛇纹石化橄榄岩角砾被熔岩胶结，说明火山通道穿切了蛇绿岩套。蚀变辉长岩中的斜方辉石已经完全蛇纹石化(保留了斜方辉石假象)，斜长石完全被水钙铝榴石交代(保留斜长石假象)，但单斜辉石保存完好，且发育由尖晶石叶片(棒)构成的出深结构。棕褐色的尖晶石出溶棒(或叶片)一般完全平行，个别情况下发现两组近于直交的尖晶石出溶棒。从蚀变辉长岩中分选出锆石，对其的SHRIMP年代学研究，结果表明辉长岩的形成时代为478.3±3.3Ma (MSWD=1.09, n=14)。说明塔尔巴哈台蛇绿岩套岩石形成于早奥陶世。

Kokchetav ‘lamproite’ occurs in the east end of Kokchetav massif and consists of phenocryst (mainly clinopyroxene) and matrix (mainly feldspar). The compositions of clinopyroxene, magnetite and biotite phenocryst were determined using wavelength dispersive spectrometry on a JEOL Super-probe 8900 electron microprobe for the purpose of revealing the process of magma evolution. Analyses revealed a core-rim variation, which is consistent with three stages of magmatic evolution: Mg-rich clinopyroxene cores (diopside) and biotite cores (phlogopite) crystallized in a deep magma chamber (stage I); Fe-rich clinopyroxene rim (salite) and biotite rim crystallized at low pressure in a shallow magma chamber (stage II); Magnetite phenocryst core also crystallized in a shallow magma chamber, and coexists with Fe-rich clinopyroxene rim and biotite rim. The magnetite rims probably formed during magma eruption at the same time when groundmass crystallized (stage III).The calculated temperatures for ilmenite-magnetite pair range from 679 to 887ºC, log fO2 values range from 311.1 to 314.9 log units. These values represent the latest conditions of magma as ilmenite exsolution in magnetite probably occurred during magma eruption from the shallow chamber to surface. © 2002 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved.

笔者初步总结了中亚主要成矿带的基本特征，并探讨了新疆邻区矿带在新疆境内的可能延伸。研究者对新疆邻区成矿带的划分、成矿建造类型和特征的认识不断在变化，因此，笔者强调，在与邻区地质矿产对比时，必须系统了解其研究历史并力求在查明控矿基本要素的基础上进行。此外，在中亚地区，与早古生代陆壳增生相关的成矿作用相当重要，而晚古生代的大规模成矿更多地表现为对已有成矿物质的继承、改造和新成矿物质的叠加，形成了多阶段成矿作用的复合，这些都属于中亚成矿域的特征，也是在对比研究中必须予以充分考虑的。通过分析和对比研究，故认为在中亚成矿域中控制大型、超大型矿床的主要成矿环境可初步概括为以下6种: (1)夹杂于显生宙造山带中的众多前寒武纪地块，在其内部形成了重要的原生铀矿和稀有金属矿床；(2)形成于早古生代陆缘增生带、成矿时代为加里东晚期的科克切塔夫东缘和北准噶尔(境外)的别斯图贝、玛依卡因、捷克利等重要的金、铜多金属矿床；(3)在加里东和前加里东陆壳围限的环巴尔喀什湖地区，具有多个峰期和在空间上相互叠加或有一定迁移规律的成矿作用；(4)境外中天山地块南部存在一条重要的成矿带，代表性的矿种是Au-Cu-Mo-W，该成矿带线性特征明显并与一个活动延续的时间长达70 Ma的巨型水热系统相关；(5)南哈萨克斯坦及其以南地区，中、新生代盆地中的可地浸型铀矿及晚古生代超大型砂岩铜矿等大都形成于碰撞后的陆内环境，其成矿作用还可能与深部来源的成矿物质有关；(6)中亚的重要矿床大都产在有所谓大型“横向构造”与成矿带交叉的部位，造成呈串珠状分布的矿结。

克拉玛依白碱滩尖晶石二辉橄榄岩主要由橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石和尖晶石组成，橄榄石和斜方辉石均发生程度不等的蛇纹石化。单斜辉石一般很新鲜。单斜辉石和斜方辉石均发育出溶结构!出溶条纹或者平直或者发生舒缓的弯曲变形(即便是在发生弯曲的情况下也是完全平行的)。透辉石-普通辉石出溶体一般呈针状(直径一般为1µm，长度>150µm)，顽火辉石出溶条纹直径一般为1-3µm(长度>300µm)。斜方辉石主晶属于顽火辉石-易变辉石，单斜辉石主晶为透辉石(成分很均一)。地质温度压力估算表明，白碱滩二辉橄榄岩中辉石出溶结构发生的温度为700ºC-1000ºC),压力为2.0-2.7GPa，它们代表辉石出溶结构形成的最低PT条件。白碱滩二辉橄榄岩至少经历了三个演化阶段：原始辉石与尖晶石和橄榄石平衡共生(阶段I.>94km)；随着地幔上隆，原始辉石结构不稳定，分解并形成出溶结构(阶段II, 700ºC-1000ºC)，斜方辉石开始分解的深度为94km，单斜辉石开始分解的深度为78 km；之后，蛇绿岩经历的侵位事件导致辉石发生塑性变形(阶段III)。蛇绿岩侵位之前，地幔岩曾发生了>50 km的隆升，而且，在隆升过程中地幔岩没有发生明显部分熔融(地幔岩因此没有经历明显的岩浆抽提过程)。

Clinopyroxene phenocrysts in the Kokchetav trachybasalts are variable in composition and textures. Two distinctive cores are recognized: diopside cores and green salite cores. The diopside cores with Mg# of 80–90 are mantled by colorless salite rims with Mg# of 70–80. The green salite cores have especially low Mg# (<70) but high Al and Ti contents. A Mg-rich band (Mg# = 82–90) usually occurs between a green salite core and its rim, and/or between a colorless salite mantle and its rim. Dissolution surfaces are observed on all textural variants. Two magma chambers are needed to explain the observed clinopyroxene phenocrysts. A deep chamber at about 120 km in the upper mantle in which diopside cores crystallized, and a shallow chamber at depths of less than 40 km in which diopside cores were resorbed and overgrown by salite rims or mantles. Magma mixing in the shallow chamber is responsible for the formation of dissolution surfaces between the diopside bands and the colorless salite mantles. The dissolution surfaces on the diopside cores formed in the shallow chamber as a result of pressure decrease. This magma evolution scenario is complicated by the occurrence of the crustal-origin green salite cores in diopsides. These green cores likely represent the relics of continental materials, which were captured in the deep chamber and partially re-melted. Our observations indicate that subducted continental materials were returned to the Earth’s surface as a result of magmatism. This study therefore provides direct evidence of a link between subducted continental materials (slab) and magmatism in this orogenic belt. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.