应用放免法对177名低出生体重儿生后1、7、14天血清TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TSH水平检测，并与30名足月儿水平进行对照。结果显示低出生体重儿生后甲状腺功能有逐渐成熟的过程且胎龄越小，甲状腺功能成熟越晚。

目的 从人胚胎胰腺组织中分离Nestin阳性细胞，进而研究该细胞的体外扩增和向胰岛内分泌细胞分化的能力。方法 采用胶原酶消化法，从人胚胎胰腺组织中分离获得胰岛样细胞簇（islet-like cell clusters，ICCs）， ICCs经手工挑拣后接种，待形成单层上皮样细胞后，进行传代培养和诱导分化。利用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）、免疫荧光染色及放射免疫分析（RIA）等方法，检测该细胞中分子标志物的表达，并对其向胰岛内分泌细胞分化的能力进行鉴定。结果 （1）上述单层上皮样细胞具有很强的增殖能力，可连续传代至少16代；（2）RT-PCR、免疫荧光染色分析显示，该细胞可表达干细胞的标志分子Nestin和ABCG2；（3）RT-PCR分析显示，在多种细胞因子和无血清的条件下，Nestin阳性细胞经诱导后可出现胰岛素、胰升糖素和胰十二指肠同源盒基因-1（PDX-1）mRNA的表达，而Nestin和Neurogenin3（Ngn3）mRNA表达消失。RIA分析也可检测到诱导后的细胞内有胰岛素产生。 结论 从人胚胎胰腺中分离得到的Nestin阳性细胞具有胰腺前体细胞的特性，在体外具有很强的增殖能力，并可诱导分化为胰岛内分泌细胞。该细胞有望为胰岛移植提供一种新的细胞来源。

目的 探讨TF21细胞凋亡相关基因19（TFAR19）在甲状腺腺瘤（TA）和甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）中是否有表达及其细胞定位。方法 6例TA和6例PTC患者，经手术得到甲状腺肿瘤组织标本并获病理诊断，以6例TA患者的瘤周正常甲状腺组织作为对照。TFAR19表达的检测采用免疫组化染色。结果 TFAR19在正常甲状腺组织中几乎未见表达；在TA组的甲状腺肿瘤组织中呈强阳性表达，而在PTC组中呈阴性表达。结论 TFAR19凋亡通路在TA中被激活，而在PTC中则受到抑制，提示细胞凋亡与增殖之间的平衡失调可能在PTC的发病机制中具有重要作用。

目的 探讨ghrelin对小鼠胰腺β细胞株NIT-1细胞胰岛素释放的影响及其作用机制。方法 NIT-1细胞与不同浓度ghrelin和高浓度葡萄糖孵育后，放免法测定上清液胰岛素含量，RT-PCR法检测葡萄糖转运子2(GLUT2)、胰十二指肠同源盒-1(PDX-1)、含两个跨膜区的内向整流钾通道(Kir6.2)及磺酰脲受体1(SUR1) 等基因的表达。NIT-1细胞与不同浓度ghrelin孵育不同时间后，MTT法检测细胞增殖情况。结果 （1）10-9mol/L至10-7mol/L ghrelin呈剂量依赖性抑制NIT-1细胞高浓度葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素释放；（2）10-7mol/L ghrelin显著降低Kir6.2 mRNA的表达，但对GLUT2、PDX-1及SUR1 mRNA的表达无明显的效应；（3）Ghrelin对NIT-1细胞的增殖无显著影响。 结论 Ghrelin可抑制胰岛β细胞高浓度葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素释放，该效应可能是由于下调ATP敏感性钾通道组成成分Kir6.2基因的表达所致。

AIM: To isolate nestin-positive progenitor cells from human fetal pancreas and to detect their surface markers and their capability of proliferation and differentiation into pancreatic islet endocrine cells in vitro. METHODS: Islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) were isolated from human fetal pancreas by using collagenase digestion. The free-floating ICCs were handpicked out and cultured in a new dish. After the ICCs developed into monolayer epithelium-like cells, they were passaged and induced for differentiation. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence stain, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) were used to detect the expression of cell markers. RESULTS: (1) The monolayer epithelium-like cells had highly proliferative potential and could be passaged more than 16 times in vitro. (2) RT-PCR analysis and immunofluorescence stain showed that these cells expressed both nestin and ABCG2, two of stem cell markers. (3) FACS analysis revealed that CD44, CD90 and CD147 were positive, whereas CD34, CD38, CD45, CD71, CD117, CD133 and HLA-DR were negative on the nestin-positive cells. (4) RT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of insulin, glucagon and pancreatic-duodenal homeobox gene-1 (PDX-1) was detected，whereas the expression of nestin and neurogenin 3 (Ngn3) was disappeared in these cells treated with serum-free media supplemented with the cocktail of growth factors. Furthermore, the intra-cellular insulin content was detected by RIA after the induction culture. CONCLUSION: Nestin-positive cells isolated from human fetal pancreas possess the characteristics of pancreatic progenitor cells since they have highly proliferative potential and the capability of differentiation into insulin-producing cells in vitro. Interestingly, the nestin-positive pancreatic progenitor cells share many phenotypic markers with mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow.