微波化学研究中的关键问题之一是对化学反应过程中的介电系数进行跟踪和测量。本文采用开槽同轴谐振探头首次测量了乙酸乙酯皂化反应对微波的反射系数，并用遗传算法获得了微波频率下该反应的等效介电系数，结果发现等效介电系数实部随温度的变化趋势符合L Onsager和Debye理论对极性混合溶液的描述；等效介电系数虚部因极化损耗和欧姆损耗随温度变化而相应变化；而等效介电系数实部随时间的变化与L Onsager极性混合溶液等效介电系数理论的描述相反。

currently, microwaves are widely used in chemical industry to accelerate chemical reactions. Some research results have shown that microwave heating can significantly accelerate the reaction. Ho wever, there is a need to develop efficient methods to improve the design of microwave applicator in chemistry. In this paper, a numerical model was presented to study the microwave heating on saponification reaction in test tube, where the reactant was considered as a mixture of dilute solution. The coupled electromagnetic field equations, reaction equation (RE) and heat transport equation (HTE) were solved by using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. To overcome the difficulty of long time calculation with FDTD, two types of techniques were employed. To erify the methods, the temperature rising in the test tube and transmitted power through the transversal electromagnetic (TEM) cell were measured and compared with the computational results. Good agreement can be seen between the measured and calculated results.

Microwave imaging of buried objects has been widely used in sensing and remote-sensing applications. It can be formulated and solved as inverse scattering problems. In this paper, we propose a hybrid numerical technique based on the parallel genetic algorithm (GA) and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for determining the location and dimensions of two-dimensional inhomogeneous objects buried in a lossy earth. The GA, a robust stochastic optimization procedure, is employed to recast the inverse scattering problem to a global optimization problem for its solution. To reduce its heavy computation burden, the GA-based inverse computation is parallelized and run on a multiprocessor cluster system. The FDTD method is selected for the forward calculation of the scattered field by the buried inhomogeneous object because it can effectively model an inhomogeneous object of arbitrary shape. Sample numerical results are presented and analyzed. The analysis of the numerical results shows that the proposed hybrid numerical technique is able to determine the location and dimension of a 2D buried inhomogeneous object, and the parallel computation can effectively reduce the required computation time.

近年来，微波已被广泛用于流床进行各种工业处理。本文利用FDTD方法通过求解流体中的Maxwell方程组和热传导方程模拟了微波与流动液体介质间的相互作用，计算了流动液体中的温度分布；并研究了波导型流床中的反射和透射与介质流速、倾斜度及流体直径之间的关系。数值结果与实验结果相吻合，研究结果对工业应用具有指导意义。

利用优化算法和天线数值计算方法实现对天线结构的自动设计（Automated design）是现代天线研究的一个重要趋势。本文讨论了天线自动设计的原理和流程。采用遗传算法（Genetic algorithms）和NEC（Numerical electromagnet-ics code）天线数值计算程序，建立了一套天线自动设计软件平台。采用并行计算技术提高自动设计效率，搭建了一套Beowulf并行计算机系统，首次提出非堵塞式主从并行遗传算法的实现方案。以对锥削螺旋-圆锥喇叭天线的自动设计为例，结果表明该自动设计软件平台具备对复杂天线进行准确和有效设计的能力。16节点的并行效率达到了82.25%，超过同类研究结果。